Seagrasses: Biology, Ecology and ConservationAnthony W. D. Larkum, Robert J. Orth, Carlos Duarte Seagrasses are unique plants; the only group of flowering plants to recolonise the sea. They occur on every continental margin, except Antarctica, and form ecosystems which have important roles in fisheries, fish nursery grounds, prawn fisheries, habitat diversity and sediment stabilisation. Over the last two decades there has been an explosion of research and information on all aspects of seagrass biology. However the compilation of all this work into one book has not been attempted previously. In this book experts in 26 areas of seagrass biology present their work in chapters which are state-of–the-art and designed to be useful to students and researchers alike. The book not only focuses on what has been discovered but what exciting areas are left to discover. The book is divided into sections on taxonomy, anatomy, reproduction, ecology, physiology, fisheries, management, conservation and landscape ecology. It is destined to become the chosen text on seagrasses for any marine biology course. |
Contents
2 | 24 |
and Thorsten B H Reusch | 34 |
Introduction | 51 |
Reproductive Morphology and Anatomy | 69 |
4 | 77 |
in the Marine Context | 89 |
I | 110 |
135157 | 135 |
Systematics | 388 |
Development of Meadows and Patches | 391 |
Reproduction | 393 |
Dynamics of Carbon and Nitrogen | 395 |
Food Webs | 397 |
Species Status and Anthropogenic Impact | 400 |
Summary | 401 |
Paradigms and Recent Advances in Research 409439 | 409 |
Acknowledgments | 153 |
Fluid Dynamics in Seagrass Ecologyfrom Molecules | 193 |
Processes at the Shoot Level mmcm | 200 |
HydrodynamicallyMediated Processes at the Landscape Level | 212 |
Summary and Outlook | 218 |
Nutrients Dynamics in Seagrass Ecosystems 227254 | 227 |
Nutrient Fluxes in Seagrass Ecosystems | 235 |
Nutrient Limitation and Nutrient Imbalances | 243 |
145 | 250 |
Water Movement in Seagrass Leaves and Roots | 255 |
Internal Movement of Oxygen | 263 |
Dynamics of Seagrass Stability and Change 271294 | 271 |
153 | 272 |
Shoot Dynamics | 275 |
Clones and Patch Dynamics | 281 |
Gap Dynamics | 283 |
Dynamics of Seagrass Meadows at Different Time Scales | 284 |
Forecasting Seagrass Dynamics | 290 |
Basic Concepts for Understanding How Light Affects Seagrasses and Makes them Measurable from Space 295301 | 295 |
Radiative Transfer in Natural Waters | 300 |
References | 301 |
Light and Photosynthesis in Seagrass Meadows 303321 | 302 |
Radiation Transfer and Light Interception | 304 |
Leaf Optical Properties | 307 |
Radiative Transfer and Submerged Plant Canopies | 309 |
Irradiance Distributions Within the Seagrass Canopy | 311 |
Productivity and Carbon Balance in Submerged Plant Canopies | 312 |
Leaf Orientation Canopy Density and SelfShading | 313 |
Effects of Water Quality on Seagrass Productivity and Distribution | 315 |
Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Seagrass Productivity | 316 |
Acknowledgment | 319 |
159192 | 320 |
Photosynthesis and Metabolism in Seagrasses at the Cellular Level 323345 | 323 |
Photosynthetic Adaptations to Marine Submergence | 324 |
Inorganic Carbon Uptake Mechanisms | 325 |
Rates of Ci Uptake | 326 |
Photosynthetic Efficiency LightHarvesting and the Package Effect | 328 |
Mechanisms of CO2 Fixation CAM Photorespiration and Oxygen Cycles | 329 |
Fluorescence Studies | 330 |
Leaf Anatomy Oxygen Effects and Depth Limitations in Seagrasses | 337 |
Initial Photosynthetic Products in Seagrass Leaves | 338 |
Storage and Utilisation | 339 |
Secondary Metabolites and Chemotaxonomy | 340 |
Summary | 341 |
Acknowledgements | 342 |
Use of Spaceborne and Airborne Sensors 347359 | 346 |
Principles of Remote Sensing of Seagrass Ecosystems | 350 |
Optical Properties of the Overlying Water Column | 351 |
Physical Definitions Characteristics from Remote Sensing | 355 |
Conclusions Recommendations and Outlook | 357 |
References | 358 |
Biology Ecology and Management 361386 | 361 |
Ecology | 370 |
Management and Restoration | 372 |
Future Research Needs | 378 |
Biology of Posidonia 387408 | 387 |
Basic Environmental Requirements | 410 |
Historical Development in Research | 411 |
ThalassiaSediment Interactions | 412 |
Plant Development | 416 |
Population Dynamics | 422 |
Community Ecology | 423 |
Conclusions | 430 |
Acknowledgments | 431 |
Discussion and Concluding Remarks | 436 |
Epiphytes of Seagrasses 441461 | 440 |
Distribution and Abundance of Epiphytic Organisms | 443 |
Factors Affecting Distribution and Abundance | 450 |
Conclusions | 456 |
The Central Role of Grazing in Seagrass Ecology 463501 | 463 |
Philosophy of the Review | 465 |
An Evolutionary Perspective on Seagrasses and their Grazers | 466 |
The Modern Seagrass Community Interaction Web | 467 |
Direct Grazing on Seagrasses | 468 |
A Delicate Balance | 481 |
BottomUp and TopDown Control in Seagrass Communities | 485 |
Alternate Stable States in Seagrass Ecosystems? IX Questions and Recommendations for Future Research 488 | 488 |
Summary | 491 |
Acknowledgments | 492 |
Seagrasses Fish and Fisheries 503536 | 502 |
Comparison of Abundance Diversity Growth and Survival of Fish in Seagrass Habitats with Other Nearshore Habitats | 505 |
References | 506 |
Spatial ScalesFactors Influencing Abundance of Fish in Seagrass Beds | 509 |
Temporal Scales Factors Influencing Abundance of Fish in Seagrass Beds | 516 |
Links Between Seagrass and Fisheries | 517 |
Conservation and Management Issues | 524 |
Future Research Directions | 527 |
Acknowledgments | 530 |
Predation in Seagrass Beds 537550 | 537 |
Effects of Seagrass on PredatorPrey Interactions in Evolutionary Time | 545 |
Summary | 546 |
References | 547 |
Decline and Recovery of Seagrass EcosystemsThe Dynamics of Change 551565 | 551 |
Loss of Seagrass Beds | 552 |
Why did We Lose Seagrasses in Cockburn Sound Whereas Seagrass Area has Expanded on Neighbouring Parmelia and Success Banks? | 556 |
Florida Bay | 560 |
Can Seagrass Management be Proactive? | 562 |
Eutrophication Sedimentation and Contamination 567593 | 567 |
Anthropogenic Stressors | 568 |
Management of Anthropogenic Pollutants | 584 |
Recommended Research Directions | 586 |
Summary | 587 |
An Interdisciplinary Science | 594 |
The State of Seagrass Science Relative | 604 |
ScienceBased Protection Approaches | 610 |
Summary and Outlook | 617 |
New Contributions | 625 |
Terrestrial vs Marine Landscapes | 635 |
Summary | 641 |
649 | |
Other editions - View all
Seagrasses: Biology, Ecology and Conservation Anthony Larkum,Robert J. Orth,Carlos Duarte Limited preview - 2007 |
Seagrasses: Biology, Ecology and Conservation Anthony Larkum,Robert J. Orth,Carlos Duarte No preview available - 2013 |
Seagrasses: Biology, Ecology and Conservation Anthony W. D. Larkum,Robert J. Orth,Carlos Duarte No preview available - 2011 |