Microphysics of Clouds and PrecipitationCloud physics has achieved such a voluminous literature over the past few decades that a significant quantitative study of the entire field would prove unwieldy. This book concentrates on one major aspect: cloud microphysics, which involves the processes that lead to the formation of individual cloud and precipitation particles. Common practice has shown that one may distinguish among the following addi tional major aspects: cloud dynamics, which is concerned with the physics respon sible for the macroscopic features of clouds; cloud electricity, which deals with the electrical structure of clouds and the electrification processes of cloud and precipi tation particles; and cloud optics and radar meteorology, which describe the effects of electromagnetic waves interacting with clouds and precipitation. Another field intimately related to cloud physics is atmospheric chemistry, which involves the chemical composition ofthe atmosphere and the life cycle and characteristics of its gaseous and particulate constituents. In view of the natural interdependence of the various aspects of cloud physics, the subject of microphysics cannot be discussed very meaningfully out of context. Therefore, we have found it necessary to touch briefly upon a few simple and basic concepts of cloud dynamics and thermodynamics, and to provide an account of the major characteristics of atmospheric aerosol particles. We have also included a separate chapter on some of the effects of electric fields and charges on the precipitation-forming processes. |
Contents
1 | |
10 | |
CHAPTER 3 THE STRUCTURE OF WATER SUBSTANCE | 74 |
CHAPTER 4 EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN WATER VAPOR WATEIt AQUEOUSSOLUTIONS AND ICE IN BULK | 100 |
CHAPTER 5 SURFACE PROPERTIES OF WATER SUBSTANCE | 126 |
CHAPTER 6 EQUILIBRIUM BEHAVIOR OF CLOUD DROPS AND ICEPARTICLES | 167 |
CHAPTER 7 HOMOGENEOUS NUCLEATION | 191 |
CHAPTER 8 THE ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL AND TRACE GASES | 216 |
CHAPTER 13 DIFFUSION GROWTH AND EVAPORATION OF WATER DROPSAND SNOW CRYSTALS | 502 |
CHAPTER 14 CLOUD PARTICLE INTERACTIONS | 568 |
CHAPTER 15 GROWTH OF CLOUD DROPS BY COLLISION COALESCENCEAND BREAKUP | 617 |
CHAPTER 16 GROWTH OF ICE PARTICLES BY ACCRETION AND ICEPARTICLE MELTING | 659 |
CHAPTER17 CLOUD CHEMISTRY | 700 |
CHAPTER 18 CLOUD ELECTRICITY | 792 |
APPENDICES | 853 |
REFERENCES | 874 |
Other editions - View all
Common terms and phrases
aerosol particles approximately assumed Atmos atmosphere becomes changes Chapter charge Chem cloud collection collision computed concentration consider constant curve decreasing density dependence determined diameter diffusion discussed distribution drop effect efficiency electric energy Environ equation equilibrium estimate et al expected experimental experiments expressed fall field Figure flow forces formation freezing function Geophys given grow growth heat humidity ice crystals ice particle increasing initial ions larger layer less List Mason mass mean measurements mechanism Meteor motion nucleation observed obtained phase Phys present pressure Pruppacher radius range ratio relation relative respectively salt shape snow crystals solution sphere studies suggested supercooled supersaturation surface surface tension Table temperature turbulent values vapor variation various velocity volume water drops water molecules water vapor