Artificial Intelligence: The Case Against

ability abstract algorithm apply argument Artificial Intelligence ascribe assumptions background knowledge behavior Boden brain chess programs Chinese claim cognitive psychology computer chess computer programs computer scientists concepts confusions construction context criteria criterion English everyday evidence example Expert Systems explain explanatory expressions fact formal symbols formal system formalized language functional decomposition G.E.M. Anscombe grug heuristics high-level language human intelligence important information processing inner input instantiation instructions intentionality interpretation intuitive involved knowledge engineer language games learning linguistic logical machine machine learning manipulation mathematical meaning mechanisms Mechanist Thesis mental representations mentalese mentalistic mind natural language notion operations output pattern performance philosophical possible problem prose psychological terms question realized reason reference regard relation robot rules Ruritania Schank scheme LIR scientific semantics sense simply simulate situation specific strong AI structure suppose syntactic task technical theory Turing Turing Test understanding Wittgenstein