Organizations: Rational, Natural, and Open SystemsPrentice Hall, 1992 - 414 頁 Demonstrates how the many models and theories of organizations can be reduced to a few, manageable perspectives. This new third edition updates research and theoretical literature, offers expanded coverage of new economic approaches and strategic management and includes comparative studies. |
內容
Three Perspectives on Organizations | 27 |
Organizations as Natural Systems | 51 |
Organizations as Open Systems | 76 |
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activities actors adapt administrative agencies agency theory approach argues associated attempt behavior Blau boundaries bureaucratic cathectic Chapter characteristics complex conception contingency theory coordination corporate created criteria decision defined dependence dependency theorists developed differentiated distinctive effectiveness emphasize employed environmental example extent external firms focus formal function functional fields ganizations goals groups hierarchy important increasing individual industrial inputs institutional environments interdependence interests labor level of analysis loosely coupled Lorsch managers markets Marxist Max Weber measures nizations nomic norms open systems perspective operate orga organization's organizational forms organizational structure outcomes outputs participants performance personnel persons Pfeffer political population ecology problems processes production relations roles scientific management Selznick Simon society Socio-technical systems specific strategies struc studies survival system model system theorists task technical core theory tions total institutions transactions costs types of organizations uncertainty units variables vary Weber workers