Vegetation of the Tropical Pacific Islands

Springer Science & Business Media, 1998 - Nature - 733 pages

Written by the leading authorities on the plant diversity and ecology of the Pacific islands, this book is a magisterial synthesis of the vegetation and landscapes of the islands of the Pacific Ocean. It is organized by island group, and includes information on geography, geology, phytogeographic relationships, and human influences on vegetation. Vegetation of the Tropical Pacific Islands features over 400 color photographs, plus dozens of maps and climate diagrams. The authors’ efforts in assembling the existing information into an integrated, comprehensive book will be welcomed by biogeographers, plant ecologists, conservation biologists, and all scientists with an interest in island biology.

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Introduction The Book Concept 1 Focus Approach and Objectives	xxviii

2 Vegetation Treatment in a Landscape Perspective	xxviii

3 Floristic and Vegetational Plant Geography	xxviii

1 Island Area Included	xxviii

2 Phytogeographic Questions	xxviii

3 Island Subregions	xxviii

1 Origin of the Pacific Ocean	xxviii

2 Plate Tectonics and the Andesite Line	12

6 Guam	269

1 Regional Geography	275

2 The Vegetation in General	276

3 The Belau Islands Palau	277

4 Yap and Fais a Introduction	284

5 Chuuk AlmostAtoll	286

6 Pohnpei Ponape a Introduction	288

7 Kosrae Kusaie	291

3 Composite and Shield Volcanoes	14

4 Types of Islands	16

5 Continental Fragments and Island Arcs	17

1 Australia New Zealand and New Caledonia	19

2 New Caledonia and the Solomon Islands	21

4 Vanuatu and Fiji	22

5 Micronesia Polynesia and the Eastern Pacific	23

Climate and Vegetation Patterns	24

2 Rainfall Zones	26

3 Seasonality	28

4 Tropical Cyclones	30

5 El Nino and the Southern Oscillation	31

6 PacificWide Biomes	34

Conclusions	37

Western Melanesia Introduction 1 Regional Geography	39

3 Climate Diagrams	41

4 Regional Climate	44

Introduction	45

2 Soil Substrates	46

Regional Vegetation Types	49

l Coastal Strand Vegetation	50

3 Freshwater Swamp Forests and Herbaceous Wetlands	51

4 Forest on Limestone	53

6 Montane Rain Forest	54

7 Other Vegetation Types	55

Introduction	57

2 Soil Substrates	58

1 Coastal Strand Vegetation	59

4 Floodplain Forest	60

6 Forest on Ancient Limestone	61

9 Vegetation on Recent Volcanic Surfaces	62

Summary of Vegetation Patterns	63

Introduction	65

1 Climate and Weather Disturbances	66

2 Topography	67

4 Human Population	68

5 Phytogeographic Aspects	69

Regional Vegetation Types	70

3 Freshwater Swamp Forests and Herbaceous Wetland Vegetation	71

4 Lowland Rain Forest on WellDrained Soil	72

5 LowDiversity Rain Forests	74

6 Seasonally Dry Forest and Grassland	75

7 Montane Rain Forest	77

8 Anthropogenically Modified Vegetation	78

Vegetation of the Outer Islands	79

2 Rennell	81

Conclusions	83

Eastern Melanesia Introduction 1 Regional Geography	84

2 Regional Geology	86

Treatment of the Vegetation	88

The Santa Cruz Islands	89

Kauri Dynamics in the Santa CruzIslands	90

Vanuatu Introduction	93

1 Climate	94

3 Soils	95

Regional Vegetation Types	97

1 Lowland Rain Forest	98

2 Montane Cloud Forest and Related Vegetation	101

4 Vegetation on New Volcanic Surfaces	103

6 Secondary and Cultivated Woody Vegetation	104

Vegetation of the Northern Outlier and Central Islands	105

2 Banks Islands	106

Regeneration Dynamics of the Kauri Forests of South Vanuatu	107

Introduction	108

1 Climate	109

2 Geology	111

3 Origin of the Flora	112

Principal Vegetation Types	113

1 Lowland Rain Forest	114

2 Upland Rain Forest	119

3 Cloud Forest	121

4 Dry Forest	122

5 Talasiqa Vegetation	123

6 Freshwater Wetland Vegetation	127

7 Mangrove Forest and Scrub	129

8 Coastal Strand Vegetation	130

Vegetation on Smaller Islands	132

2 Kabara	135

New Caledonia Introduction	136

1 Climate	137

2 Geological Origin	139

3 Phytogeographic Relationships	142

Principal Vegetation Types	144

1 Lowland Mesic Rain Forest	145

2 Montane Rain and Cloud Forest	147

3 Forest on Limestone	149

5 Savanna	150

6 Maquis Scrub Vegetation a General	151

7 Lowland Swamp Vegetation	156

8 Mangrove and Strand Vegetation including Littoral Forest	157

9 Modified Vegetation	158

Conclusions	161

The Subtropical Islands in the New Zealand Region Introduction 1 Regional Overview	162

1 Geography	165

3 Geology	167

4 Soils	168

6 Phytogeographic Relationships	169

1 Lowland Subtropical Rain Forest	170

2 Submontane Rain Forest	173

4 Lowland Swamp Forest Mangrove and Seagrass Vegetation	174

6 Inland Scrub and Herbland	176

8 Shoreline and Beach Vegetation	177

9 Disturbed Vegetation	178

l0 Summary of Vegetation Patterns	179

11 Canopy Dieback	181

1 Geography	182

4 Soils	184

6 Vegetation	185

7 Distribution Patterns	187

8 Phytogeographic Relationships	191

9 Nepean and Philip Islands	192

10 Araucaria Decline and Dieback	193

1 Geography Climate and Geology	194

Conclusions	197

Micronesia Introduction 1 Regional Geography and Climate	199

2 Substrates and SoilParent Materials a Three Main Types of Substrates	201

3 Treatment of Vegetation	204

1 Mangrove Vegetation	205

2 Strand Vegetation a Introduction	207

3 Vegetation on Coral Atolls and Low Coral Islands	211

4 Vegetation on Raised Coral or Elevated Limestone a Primary Vegetation	216

5 Vegetation on Coastal Plains Including Swamp Forest	220

6 Lowland Rain Forest a Primary Forest	223

7 Montane Rain Forest and Cloud Forest	225

8 Dwarf Vegetation on Open Crests	227

9 Vegetation on Rough Lava Flows	228

1 The Bonin Ogasawara Islands a Geography and Floristics	234

2 The Volcano Kazan Islands	238

Marcus Island	240

Introduction	241

2 Human Influences on the Vegetation	242

3 Subregional Differences	243

1 Uracas Farallon de Pajaros	244

3 Asuncion Assongsong	245

4 Agrihan Agrigan	247

5 Pagan	248

6 Alamagan	250

7 Guguan	251

9 Anatahan	252

The Southern Marianas	254

i Farallon de Medinilla	255

2 Saipan	256

3 Tinian	259

4 Aguiguan Aguijan	264

5 Rota	265

8 The Atolls of the Caroline Islands	292

Nauru and Banaba	293

Wake Island	296

1 Introduction	297

2 Regional Vegetation	298

3 Taongi Atoll	303

4 Bikar Atoll	305

1 Geography and Flora	306

2 Climate and Substrate	307

3 Vegetation	308

1 A Brief Review	309

What Are The Determinants?	310

Central Polynesia Introduction 1 Regional Geography	314

2 Regional Climate	315

1 Regional Overview	317

2 Johnston Island	318

4 The Line Islands	323

Howland Baker Jarvis Maiden and Starbuck	327

6 Central Pacific MoistZone Atolls	328

Conclusions	336

Western Polynesia Introduction 1 Regional Geography and Geology	341

2 Regional Climate	342

3 Treatment of Vegetation	344

Tonga Introduction	345

Vegetation	347

2 Beach Vegetation	348

6 Fern and Grassland	349

3 Coastal Marsh	350

1 Secondary or Cultivated Vegetation	351

1 Introduction	352

3 Reanalysis of Euas Forest Communities	355

Western Tier of Young Volcanic Islands	357

2 Late	358

Introduction	360

Vegetation	361

L Littoral Vegetation	362

2 Wetland Vegetation	363

3 Lowland Rain Forest	364

4 Montane Rain Forest	368

6 Vegetation on Recent Volcanic Surfaces	372

Forest Dynamics in Samoa	375

Rotuma	376

Home Hoorn Horn or Wallis Islands Introduction	378

2 Psammophilous Littoral Vegetation	379

4 Dense Evergreen Forest	380

5 Montane Rain and Cloud Forest	381

Vegetation	382

3 Fernland	383

Eastern Polynesia Introduction 1 Regional Geography and Geology	385

2 Regional Climate	387

The Cook Islands	390

Rarotonga	392

Aitutaki	394

Mitiaro Atiu Mauke and Mangaia	395

Palmerston Manuae and Takutea Islands	400

Vegetation	401

Marotiri Rocks	402

Raivavae	404

Tubuai	405

Rurutu	406

The Society Islands Introduction	407

2 Geology and Hydrology	409

2 Original Vegetation	410

3 Polynesian Influences	411

4 European Influences	412

Vegetation Patterns	413

2 Tahiti	414

3 Moorea	418

4 Maiao TubuaiManu	420

6 Raiatea	422

7 Tahaa	426

8 Bora Bora	428

9 Maupiti	429

The French System of Classification	430

Conclusions	431

Introduction	433

Tuamotu Atolls	434

Makatea Island	437

The Gambler Islands Mangareva	438

Pitcairn Island	440

Oeno Atoll	441

Ducie Atoll	443

Sala y Gomez Island	444

2 Climate	446

1 Xerotropical Lowland Zone	447

2 Pluviotropical and Transition Zones	448

4 Dry Seaward Slope Vegetation	449

6 Cultivated Forest Remnants	451

Vegetation of the Individual Marquesan Islands	452

Tahuata Island	453

Mohotani Island	454

Ua Pou Island	456

Motu Iti Fatuiti	457

Hatutaa Island	458

Summary and Conclusions	459

Northern Polynesia The Hawaiian Islands Introduction 1 Geography	461

2 Climate	464

3 Climatic Disturbances	466

4 Island Chronosequence and Geomorphology	469

5 Soil Substrates	472

7 Treatment of Vegetation	477

Coastal Strand Marsh Mangrove and Cliff Vegetation Azonal Not Mapped	478

2 Lowland Dry Forest Savanna Scrub and Grassland a Native Dryland Forest	486

3 Lowland to Upper Montane Seasonal Forests	502

4 Lowland to Upper Montane Rain Forest Including Femlands a Lowland Rain Forest	511

5 Montane Cloud Forests a The Cloud Forest Concept	521

6 Montane Bogs	527

7 HighAltitude Vegetation	532

8 Deserts and Vegetation on New Volcanic Surfaces	541

9 Cultivated Vegetation	547

Vegetation of the Smaller Hawaiian Islands	555

1 The Dry VolcanicSubstrate Islands	556

2 The Hawaiian Atolls and Coral Reef Islands	566

Dynamics in the Hawaiian Vegetation	572

1 Vegetation Dynamics with Rain Forest Dieback a Naturally Induced Process	573

2 Vegetation Dynamics with Alien Species a HumanInduced Process	575

The Oceanic Islands in the Eastern Pacific Introduction	578

2 San Benedicto	581

4 Roca Partida	583

1 Cocos Island	584

2 Malpelo Island	585

1 Introduction	587

2 Climate	589

3 Vegetation	590

4 Principal Vegetation Zones	591

5 Bogs Lava Flow Vegetation and Other Communities	595

6 Summary of Spatial Vegetation Pattems	596

7 Vegetation Dynamics in the Moist Zone	600

1 Introduction	604

3 San Felix	607

1 Introduction	609

2 Robinson Crusoe Island Masatierra	611

3 Santa Clara Island	614

5 Vegetation Summary and Profile	616

Summary and Conclusions	618

The Future of Island Vegetation 1 Introduction	620

2 The Human Factor	621

3 Fosbergs Entropy Concept	627

4 The Hawaii IBP Concept	628

5 Conceptual Aspects Arising from This Book	630

6 Conclusion	640

References	642

Checklist of Plant Names	676

Subject Index	713

Copyright

C4 Plant Biology

Limited preview - 1998

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Bibliographic information

Title	Vegetation of the Tropical Pacific Islands Volume 132 of Ecological Studies, ISSN 0070-8356 Volume 9 of Vegetation monographs of the major world regions Volume 132 of Vegetation of the Tropical Pacific Islands Series Volume 9 of Vegetationsmonographien der einzelnen Grossr�ume
Authors	Dieter Mueller-Dombois, F.R. Fosberg
Edition	illustrated
Publisher	Springer Science & Business Media, 1998
ISBN	0387983139, 9780387983134
Length	733 pages
Subjects	Nature › Plants › Flowers Nature / Plants / Flowers Science / Earth Sciences / Geography Science / Life Sciences / Botany Science / Life Sciences / Ecology

Export Citation	BiBTeX EndNote RefMan

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