Neurobiology of Vertebrate Locomotion: Proceedings of an International Symposium Held at the Wenner-Gren Center, Stockholm, June 17th-19th, 1985Sten Grillner |
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afferents animals ankle axons basal ganglia behavior Brain Res brainstem burst caudal cells central pattern chick contralateral Control of locomotion coordination cortex depolarization descending discharge dorsal duration effects elicited embryo evoked excitation excitatory fictive locomotion fictive swimming flexion flexor and extensor forelimb Forssberg frequency function fusimotor gait Garcia-Rill Grillner hindlimb hyperpolarizing inhibition inhibitory initiation of locomotion injection innervation input interneurons intracellular ipsilateral knee lamprey latency lesions limb Lundberg mechanisms membrane potential mesencephalic locomotor region modulation motoneurons motor output motor pattern movements muscle spindle nerve neural neurons Neurophysiol Neurosci normal nucleus Orlovsky oscillators pathways Perret phasic postural PPN/MLR produced projections receptive field receptors recorded reflex responses reticular formation reticulospinal rhythmic rostral Rovainen scratch scratch reflex segments sensory Shik spinal cats spinal cord stance phase Stein step cycle stingrays studies swing phase synaptic synergy tonic treadmill ventral root vertebrates walking Wallén