Insurance in industrial societies

19th century accident insurance actividad activité actuaires Afonso Costa American Assicurazioni Assicurazioni Generali assured assureurs Auditore began branche assurance-vie British business capitaux assurés Code du Commerce collusion commerce compagnies d'assurances compañías competition contrats contrôle Costa courtiers crecimiento croissance del seguro desarrollo domestic market Dutch Economic économique enterprise España española expansion financière fire foreign Fourastié Francia funds funeral assurance garantir Graphique Great Britain growth guerre History important income industrial life industry insurance market insurance-in-force insurers international reinsurance trade Japan l'assurance l'assurance-vie l'Etat large life assurance life insurance companies Livorno Livourne London loss ratios Manchester marché millions monopole municipalisation mutuelles national nationalisation Netherlands oligopole payments période pezze polices premium rates primes product rance reinsurers rente result retraite risks risques sales secteur sector seguros de vida share shows siglo XIX social sociedades sociétés d'assurance statistics Sumitomo tariff tontines trabajo Trebilcock Trieste war widows Westall XIXe siècle XVIIIe siècle Z-scores