Marine Biology: An Ecological Approach |
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Page 213
... urchins are rare or absent , the hard bottom consists of a 10- to 20 - cm thick canopy of fleshy algae and , below that , encrusting coralline algae and patches of various colonial animals such as ascidians , plus various small , motile ...
... urchins are rare or absent , the hard bottom consists of a 10- to 20 - cm thick canopy of fleshy algae and , below that , encrusting coralline algae and patches of various colonial animals such as ascidians , plus various small , motile ...
Page 220
... urchins and fishes . Here the evidence is more equivocal . There seems to be little doubt that sea urchins of many species can have significant effects on kelp beds and forests . These effects may range from wholesale removal of plants ...
... urchins and fishes . Here the evidence is more equivocal . There seems to be little doubt that sea urchins of many species can have significant effects on kelp beds and forests . These effects may range from wholesale removal of plants ...
Page 221
... urchins . It now appears that lobsters feed mainly on crabs , and only rarely on urchins . Similarly , in southern California , the sheephead fish ( Semicossyphus pulcher ) was thought to be the major predator on urchins , but more ...
... urchins . It now appears that lobsters feed mainly on crabs , and only rarely on urchins . Similarly , in southern California , the sheephead fish ( Semicossyphus pulcher ) was thought to be the major predator on urchins , but more ...
Common terms and phrases
abundant activity adaptations adults algae amount animals appear areas associated barnacles beaches become beds benthic biological body bottom changes Chapter coast competition consumed copepods currents deep sea density deposit depth distribution diversity dominant ecology effect energy environment estuary example exist factors feeders feeding Figure fishes flats grazing greater groups important increased infaunal interactions intertidal invertebrates kelp larger larvae layers less levels light limited living major marine means migration move nekton North noted numbers nutrients observed occur ocean organisms oxygen Pacific particles patterns percent physical phytoplankton plankton plants Plate populations predators present prey production range reduced relative result rocky salinity samples sand seagrass seasonal seawater sediment shores significant similar space species structure studies substrate suggests surface temperate temperature tend tide tropical types upper urchins usually varies various vertical wave action whales zone