Mesoscopic Physics of Complex MaterialsThis book is intended to provide a cross-disciplinary study of the physical prop erties of complex fluids, solids, and interfaces as a function of their mesoscopic structures. Because of the disorder and dissipate nature of these structures, em phasis is placed on nonequilibrium phenomena. These phenomena are the active research areas of soft condensed matter, and it is impossible to cover them all in one book. Therefore, we have limited the scope by selecting a variety of important current systems that (l) present high values to both science and technology on the basis of my own preference and expertise and (2) have not been put together coherently in the form of a book. We then show the underlying connections and parallels between topics as diverse as critical phenomena in colloidal dynamics, glass state relaxation and deformation, reinforced polymer composites, molecular level mixing in nanocomposites, and microscopic interactions of rough surfaces and interfaces. At the same time, each chapter is designed to be directly accessible to readers, and the need for going through the previous chapters has been kept to the minimum. It is a reasonably short book that is not designed to review all of the recent work that spans many disciplines. Instead, we attempt to establish a general framework for the fundamental understanding and the practical development of new materials that cannot be designed by the trial-and-error methods. |
Contents
Overview | 3 |
11 Statistical Dynamics | 4 |
12 Fluid Dispersions | 5 |
13 Relaxation in Solids | 6 |
14 Nanocomposites | 7 |
15 Fractal Surfaces | 9 |
Appendix 1A Viscoelasticity | 10 |
Brownian Motion | 12 |
52 FreeVolume Distribution | 85 |
53 Fractal Dynamic Theory of Glasses | 88 |
54 Relaxation Function and Time | 91 |
55 Relaxation Spectrum | 94 |
56 Volume Relaxation and Recovery | 96 |
57 PVT Equation of State | 99 |
Glassy Polymers | 102 |
62 Physical Aging | 106 |
22 Langevin Equation | 14 |
23 Random Force Correlation | 17 |
24 FokkerPlanck Equation | 19 |
25 Memory Effect | 21 |
Appendix 2A The NavierStokes Equation | 24 |
Appendix 2B The Liouville Theorem | 25 |
Dynamic Response | 27 |
32 Correlation Functions | 29 |
33 Generalized Susceptibility | 31 |
34 FluctuationDissipation Theorem | 33 |
35 NonMarkovian and Nonlocal Relations | 35 |
36 Relaxation Time | 38 |
37 The Master Equation | 40 |
Colloidal Dynamics | 43 |
41 Stokesian Dynamics | 44 |
42 Anisotropic Viscosities | 47 |
43 Lattice Model | 50 |
44 Concentrated Dispersions | 52 |
45 Percolation Transition | 55 |
46 Memory Function | 60 |
47 Dynamic Viscosities | 63 |
48 Mesoscopic Dynamics | 67 |
49 Shear Thinning | 69 |
410 Colloid Growth Model | 74 |
411 Polymer Gels | 76 |
Appendix 4A Fractals | 80 |
GlassyState Relaxation | 83 |
63 Dynamic Viscoelastic Properties | 110 |
64 Yield Behavior | 113 |
65 StressInduced Glass Transition | 116 |
66 Activation Volume Tensor | 120 |
67 Nonlinear StressStrain Relationships | 122 |
Polymer Composites | 128 |
71 Anisotropic Elasticity | 129 |
72 Elastic Constants | 131 |
73 Thermal Expansion | 136 |
74 Stress Concentration | 140 |
76 Compatible Polymer Blends | 145 |
77 Molecular Composites | 150 |
78 Nanocomposites | 153 |
157 | |
Rough Surfaces and Interfaces | 160 |
82 Noise and Fluctuations | 163 |
83 Fluctuations of Contact Line | 166 |
84 Wetting and Adhesion | 168 |
85 Critical Surface Tension | 171 |
86 Dynamics of Wetting | 173 |
87 Adhesional Friction | 178 |
88 Deformational Friction | 181 |
89 Diffuse Scattering | 186 |
810 Surface Growth | 189 |
Appendix 8A Surface Forces | 192 |
195 | |
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Common terms and phrases
annealing average behavior Brownian motion Brownian particle calculated colloidal particle complex composite compression concentrated dispersions contact angle contact line correlation function critical surface tension crosslinked curves deformation density dependence determined diffusion dissipation distribution function dynamic effective shear viscosity energy entropy equation equilibrium experimental data filler fluctuations fluid fractal dimension free volume given by Eq glass transition temperature hard-sphere hole interactions interface Langevin equation lattice length scales linear liquid macroscopic mesoscopic microstructure molecular nonequilibrium obtain parameters Phys physical aging polystyrene properties PVAC random ratio relaxation function result right-hand side rough surfaces roughness exponent Section shear flow shear rate shear thinning shown in Figure small molecules solid statistical mechanics strain rate strain tensor stress tensor structural relaxation Substituting Eq surface tension T. S. Chow T₁ tensile theory velocity viscoelastic volume fraction wetting yield stress Young's modulus Δα
References to this book
Universality in Nonequilibrium Lattice Systems: Theoretical Foundations Géza Ódor No preview available - 2008 |