Charging the Internal Combustion EngineSupercharging the reciprocating piston internal combustion engine is as old as the engine itself. Early on, it was used to improve the high-altitude performance of aircraft engines and later to increase the short-term peak performance in sporty or very expensive automobiles. It took nearly 30 years until it reached economic importance in the form of the ef?ciency-improving exhaust gas turbocharging of slow- and medium-speed diesel engines. It took 30 more years until it entered high-volume automotive engine production, in the form of both mechanically driven displacement compressors and modern exhaust gas turbocharging systems. Since, in spite of promising alternative developments for mobile applications, the internal combustion engine will remain dominant for the foreseeable future, its further development is essential. Today many demands are placed on automobile engines: on the one hand, consumers insistonextremeef?ciency,andontheotherhandlawsestablishstrictstandardsfor,e.g.,noiseand exhaust gas emissions. It would be extremely dif?cult for an internal combustion engine to meet these demands without the advantages afforded by supercharging. The purpose of this book is to facilitate a better understanding of the characteristics of superchargers in respect to their physical operating principles, as well as their interaction with piston engines. This applies both to the displacementcompressorandtoexhaustgasturbochargingsystems,whichoftenareverycomplex. It is not intended to cover the layout, calculation, and design of supercharging equipment as such–thisspecialareaisreservedforthepertinenttechnicalliterature–buttocoverthosequestions which are important for an ef?cient interaction between engine and supercharging system, as well as the description of the tools necessary to obtain an optimal engine–supercharger combination. |
Contents
Basic principles and objectives of supercharging | 5 |
Thermodynamics of supercharging | 23 |
Mechanical supercharging | 51 |
Exhaust gas turbocharging | 60 |
Special processes with use of exhaust gas turbocharging | 105 |
Performance characteristics of supercharged engines | 133 |
Operating behavior of supercharged engines in automotive applications | 144 |
the total vehicle system | 158 |
Instrumentation for recording the operating data of supercharged engines on the engine | 184 |
Mechanics of superchargers | 194 |
Charge air coolers and charge air cooling systems | 208 |
Outlook and further developments in supercharging | 215 |
Examples of supercharged production engines | 222 |
259 | |
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Common terms and phrases
acceleration achieved additional air cooling applications bearing behavior blade boost pressure braking characteristics charge air cooler charger closed combination combustion comparison complete compression compressor constant corresponding curve cycle cylinder density depending described diesel engine displacement downstream drive effective efficiency emissions energy engine speed especially example exhaust gas turbocharger Figure four-stroke fuel fuel consumption further gasoline engine heat higher housing important improved increase influence inlet intake internal layout limit liter load losses lower manifold mass flow maximum mean measurement mechanical necessary operating passenger car performance piston possible pressure ratio production pulse quantity rated reduced rotor scavenging shaft shown shows side significantly simulation specific supercharging temperature throttle torque transient truck turbine turbo two-stroke engine upstream utilized values valve variable vehicle volume flow waste gate
Popular passages
Page 259 - Baets, J., Codan, E., Meier, E.: Off-design operation of large diesel engines, a challenge to the turbocharging system. CIMAC Pap.
Page 264 - Eine Methode zur Vorausberechnung der Anderung des Brennverlaufs mittelschnellaufender Dieselmotoren bei geanderten Betriebsbedingungen. MTZ 34: 106-115, 1973 154 Woschni, G., Bergbauer, R: Verbesserung von Kraftstoffverbrauch und Betriebsverhalten von Verbrennungsmotoren durch Turbocompounding.
Page v - The purpose of this book is to facilitate a better understanding of the characteristics of superchargers in respect to their physical operating principles, as well as their interaction with piston engines.