Ceramics, Plastics, and Metals: An Introduction to the Science of Solids

absolute zero alloy aluminum oxide bakelite behavior bonded solid brittle carbon atoms ceramics chains clay conduction band configurations contain copper covalent bonds crack cross-linking crystal structure crystalline solids deformation diamond cubic direction discuss dislocations domain wall double bond elastomers elec electrical conductivity electron microscope electron volts electronegativity electrons move elements energy band energy gap energy levels face-centered cubic ferromagnetic filled with electrons grains H H H hydrogen increases inner electrons insulators ionic ionically bonded iron liquid magnetic field maraging steels martensite materials melting point metals microstructure molecular molecules negative ions neighboring network solids nickel nucleus number of electrons nylon orthohelium parahelium particles plastics polyethylene polymers potassium atom radius rubber science of solids semiconductors shown in Figure single crystal slip plane sodium chloride Sorby spherulite stable steel strain hardening Table temperature thermal excitation thermal motion thermoelectric tion trons tungsten ture valence band valence electrons voltage wavelength zinc