Understanding Materials Science: History, Properties, Applications, Second Editionties and applications of metals, alloys, ceramics, plastics, and electronic materials by means of easily understandable expla- tions and entertaining historical facts. It is also intended to raise the readers’ awareness of their obligations to society as pract- ing engineers and scientists. What has been changed compared to the first edition? Na- rally, there is always room for improvement. Accordingly, a large number of additions, corrections, and clarifications have been made on almost each page. Furthermore, the treatment of “hi- tech ceramics” has been substantially expanded (mostly at the suggestions of my colleagues) by including topics such as silicon nitride ceramics, transformation-toughened zirconia, alumina, ultra-hard ceramics, and bioceramics. A separate section on c- posite materials has been added, including fiber-reinforced composites, particular composites, and laminar composites. A section on advanced fabrics seemed to be of interest to the re- ers. Most of all, however, Chapter 18 (Economic and Envir- mental Considerations) has been rewritten and expanded in many places by updating the statistical information on prices of materials, production figures, world reserves, consumption (p- ticularly oil), recycling (particularly plastics, paper, household batteries, electronic scrap, automobiles), the possible use of “b- diesel” (rape plant oil), waste prevention, lead-free solder, energy savings through recycling, efficient design, and stability of - terials. The iron and steel production statistics were updated in Chapter 7, and new figures on gold production and consumption were included in Chapter 17. |
Contents
1 | 24 |
4 | 62 |
5 | 68 |
1 | 81 |
4 | 95 |
3 | 115 |
4 | 122 |
1 | 141 |
12 | 219 |
Optical Properties of Materials | 245 |
Thermal Properties of Materials | 271 |
No Ceramics Age? | 287 |
From Natural Fibers to ManMade Plastics | 326 |
Gold | 366 |
Economic and Environmental Considerations | 373 |
What Does the Future Hold? | 407 |
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Common terms and phrases
alloys aluminum amount annealing applied atoms austenite band bonds brittle bronze Burgers vector called carbon causes cementite ceramics chains Chapter clay composition conductivity constant contains cooling copper corrosion creep crystal structure crystalline density depicted in Figure dielectric diffusion direction dislocation ductile elastic elec electric field energy equation eutectic eutectoid eventually example Fermi energy ferrite ferromagnetic fibers free electrons glass glaze gold grain boundaries hardening heat capacity increase involved ionic ions large number laser lattice light liquid magnetic field martensite mass matrix metals optical oxide oxygen particles pearlite perature phase diagram phonons plastic deformation Plate polymers production properties of materials recycling region resistance room temperature Schematic representation Section semiconductors shear stress shown in Figure silica silicon SiO2 slip plane solid solution Specifically spin steel superconductors Table tensile terials thermal tion unit cell utilized vacancies valence band wood yield strength