Marine Biology: An Ecological Approach |
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Page 263
... ( Cnidaria , Scypho- zoa ) . ( F ) Psammohydra nanna ( Cnidaria , Hydrozoa ) . ( From N. C. Hulings , editor , Proceedings of the first international conference on meiofauna , Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology , no . 76. ) Once the ...
... ( Cnidaria , Scypho- zoa ) . ( F ) Psammohydra nanna ( Cnidaria , Hydrozoa ) . ( From N. C. Hulings , editor , Proceedings of the first international conference on meiofauna , Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology , no . 76. ) Once the ...
Page 358
... Cnidaria , Platyhelminthes Mollusca Platyhelminthes ( Convoluta convoluta ) Protozoa Platyhelminthes ( Convoluta roscoffensis Cnidaria ( Anthopleura sp . ) Porifera , Protozoa Mollusca ( Sacoglossa ) Modified from D. C. Smith ...
... Cnidaria , Platyhelminthes Mollusca Platyhelminthes ( Convoluta convoluta ) Protozoa Platyhelminthes ( Convoluta roscoffensis Cnidaria ( Anthopleura sp . ) Porifera , Protozoa Mollusca ( Sacoglossa ) Modified from D. C. Smith ...
Page 359
... Cnidaria . ORIGIN OF THE ASSOCIATION Although we will probably never know the exact origin of algal - invertebrate ... Cnidaria , symbiosis becomes extremely common , especially among tropical cnidarians . Virtually all tropical ...
... Cnidaria . ORIGIN OF THE ASSOCIATION Although we will probably never know the exact origin of algal - invertebrate ... Cnidaria , symbiosis becomes extremely common , especially among tropical cnidarians . Virtually all tropical ...
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abundant adaptations algae algal amount amphipods anemones areas Atlantic bacteria barnacles benthic biology body bottom burrow carnivores changes Cnidaria communities competition copepods coral reef crabs crustaceans deep sea density deposit feeders depth desiccation detritus diatoms dinoflagellates dominant ecology ecosystems eggs epipelagic estuary fauna feeding Figure fishes fresh water grazing hence herbivores increased invertebrates kelp kelp beds large numbers larvae layers levels light living low tide major marine mammals marsh mesopelagic migrate mollusks Mytilus nekton number of species numbers nutrients occur ocean oxygen Pacific coast particles patterns pelagic percent Photo courtesy photophores photosynthesis physical factors phytoplankton plankton plants Plate polychaete population predators primary productivity reduced result rocky shores salinity salt sand beaches sea grass sea urchins sea water sediment shallow water squids substrate surface waters suspension feeders temperate temperature terrestrial thermocline tropical tuna upper various vertical water column water mass wave action whales zonation zone zooplankton zooxanthellae