Molecular Biology of the Cell, Volume 2New edition of a text in which six researchers from leading institutions discuss what is known and what is yet to be understood in the field of cell biology. The material on molecular genetics has been revised and expanded so that it can be used as a stand-alone text. A new chapter covers pathogens, infection, and innate immunity. Topics include introduction to the cell, basic genetic mechanisms, methods, internal organization of the cell, and cells in their social context. The book contains color illustrations and charts; and the included CD-ROM contains dozens of video clips, animations, molecular structures, and high-resolution micrographs. Annotation copyrighted by Book News Inc., Portland, OR. |
Contents
List of Topics xi | xxxvii |
Introduction to the Cell | 1 |
Information Flows from Polynucleotides | 7 |
The Permeability of Gap Junctions Is Regulated | 10 |
Cyanobacteria Can Fix CO₂ and N₂ | 14 |
Special Features | 16 |
An Explosive Polymerization of Actin Helps Drive | 17 |
The Nervous System | 18 |
A Long Thin Filament Runs Along the Wall of | 647 |
Table 121 Some examples of extracellular signaling molecules 685687 | 655 |
Tubulin Subunits | 661 |
What Is the Purpose of Nlinked Glycosylation? | 679 |
Cell Signaling | 681 |
658 | 682 |
Microtubules Determine the Location of | 688 |
Cells in All Mammalian Tissues Continuously Release | 689 |
Eucaryotic Cells Contain a Rich Array of Internal | 20 |
Fatty Acids Are Components of Cell Membranes | 44 |
Nucleotides Are the Subunits of DNA and | 45 |
Panel 21 The chemical properties of water and their influence on the behavior of biological molecules 4647 | 46 |
Summary | 58 |
All the Components of Peroxisomes Are Imported | 69 |
Panel 27 Free energy and biological reactions 7273 | 72 |
58 | 86 |
Table 31 Approximate chemical compositions of a typical bacterium and a typical mammalian cell | 88 |
Diffusion Is the First Step to Molecular Recognition | 92 |
Oxidative Catabolism Yields a Much Greater Amount | 100 |
Coenzymes Are Involved in the Transfer of Specific | 107 |
Catabolic Reactions Can Be Reversed by an Input | 115 |
Some Selfassembling Structures Include Protein | 119 |
Enzymes Accelerate Chemical Reactions but Cannot | 125 |
Energydriven Changes in Protein Conformations | 159 |
Microscopy | 167 |
Antibodies Can Be Used to Detect and Isolate Specific | 177 |
Antibodies and Other Macromolecules Can | 191 |
Summary | 197 |
Nucleic Acid Hybridization Reactions Provide | 198 |
The Molecular Organization of Cells | 199 |
RNA and Protein Synthesis | 215 |
Translate Nucleotide Sequences into Protein | 219 |
Low Mutation Rates Mean That Related Organisms | 222 |
The DNA Replication Fork Is Asymmetrical | 228 |
The Proteins at a Replication Fork Cooperate to Form | 262 |
DNA Hybridization Rections Provide a Simple Model | 270 |
Living Cells Are Seen Clearly in a PhaseContrast or | 273 |
The Lipid Bilayer Serves as a Solvent for Membrane | 280 |
Membrane Proteins Can Be Solubilized and Purified | 286 |
Bacteriorhodopsin Is a Proton Pump That Traverses | 293 |
Table 63 Comparison of ion concentrations inside and outside a typical mammalian cell | 301 |
Panel 62 The derivation of the Nernst equation | 315 |
Cells Can Confine Proteins and Lipids to Specific | 325 |
The Plasma Membrane Na K+ Pump Is an ATPase | 333 |
221 | 339 |
The Citric Acid Cycle Oxidizes the Acetyl Group | 347 |
The Rapid Conversion of ADP to ATP in Mitochondria | 353 |
Useful to the Cell | 369 |
352 | 375 |
The Respiratory Chain Pumps H Across the Inner | 381 |
The Genomes of Mitochondria | 387 |
Animal Mitochondria Contain the Simplest Genetic | 393 |
The Endoplasmic Reticulum | 398 |
Why Do Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Have Their | 400 |
of Cellular Compartments | 405 |
All Eucaryotic Cells Have a Basic Set of Membrane | 406 |
Table 81 The relative volumes occupied by the major intracellular compartments in a typical liver cell | 407 |
213 | 419 |
Images Can Be Enhanced and Analyzed by Electronic | 424 |
Membranebound Ribosomes Define the Rough | 434 |
by Centrifugation | 460 |
The General Conformation of a Transmembrane | 466 |
The Carbohydrate in Cell Membranes Faces the Side | 475 |
Most Chromosomal DNA Does Not Code for Essential | 485 |
The cro Protein Is a Member of a HelixTurnHelix | 491 |
Histones Are the Principal Structural Proteins | 522 |
500 | 528 |
Table 93 Selected data on amounts of RNA in a typical mammalian cell | 531 |
The DNA in Lampbrush Chromosomes Is Organized | 535 |
Ribosomal RNAs Are Made on Tandemly Arranged | 539 |
How Well Ordered Is the Nucleus? | 545 |
| 547 | |
Control of Gene Expression | 551 |
Summary | 556 |
246 | 571 |
552 | 574 |
Superhelical Tension in DNA Allows Action at | 581 |
RNA Splicing Can Be Regulated to Produce Different | 589 |
Summary | 599 |
References | 609 |
The Electron Microscope Resolves the Fine Structure | 611 |
The Cytoskeleton | 613 |
The TranslationEnhancer Sequences in Some Viral | 618 |
RNAcatalyzed Reactions in Cells Are Likely to Be | 624 |
The Evolution of the Globin Gene Family Shows | 630 |
608 | 637 |
Panel 111 The polymerization of actin filaments | 639 |
Formation of an Acrosomal Process in Some | 641 |
Cyclic AMP Is a Ubiquitous Intracellular Messenger | 695 |
Ca2+ Functions as a Ubiquitous Intracellular | 701 |
Cell Growth and Division | 727 |
Some Oncogenes Encode Abnormal Catalytic | 734 |
Mutants Can Be Used to Analyze | 740 |
The Cycle Times of Proliferating Cells Seem | 746 |
Threedimensional Images of Surfaces Can | 747 |
Tumor Viruses Provide a Source of Readycloned | 754 |
Positional Signals and Cellautonomous Programs | 760 |
Panel 131 The six stages of cell division 766767 | 766 |
738 | 788 |
Cell Adhesion Cell Junctions | 791 |
PART III | 797 |
Properties of Microtubules | 799 |
The Extracellular Matrix Consists Primarily of Fibrous | 803 |
456 | 806 |
The Golgi Cisternae Are Organized as a Sequential | 823 |
803 | 825 |
Collagen Molecules Assemble into a Laminar | 831 |
From Cells to Multicellular Organisms | 837 |
Genetic Reassortment Is Enhanced by Crossingover | 847 |
Figure 1518 The behavior of chromosomes during meiosis 852853 | 852 |
Meiotic Division II Resembles a Normal Mitosis | 854 |
Oocyte Maturation in Vertebrates Is Triggered by | 860 |
Sperm Nuclei Are Haploid but Sperm Cell | 866 |
Cellular Mechanisms of Development | 879 |
Egg Activation Involves Changes in Intracellular | 894 |
Developmental Programs of Individual | 901 |
The Program of Differentiation Is Coordinated with | 907 |
Localized Signaling Regions Often Act as Sources of | 913 |
Summary | 919 |
Three Classes of Segmentation Genes Subdivide | 925 |
Differentiated Cells and the Maintenance of Tissues | 951 |
The Differentiated State Can Be Modulated by a Cells | 953 |
Photoreceptor Cells of the Retina | 959 |
Growth of the Capillary Network Is Controlled | 965 |
Basal Cell Proliferation Is Regulated According to | 971 |
Bone Marrow Contains Hemopoietic Stem Cells | 977 |
A catalog 995997 | 995 |
The Immune System | 1001 |
Analyzed in Culture | 1004 |
Most Lymphocytes Continuously Recirculate | 1008 |
Culture Dish | 1032 |
There Are Five Classes of H Chains Each with | 1038 |
Active Chromatin Is Biochemically Distinct | 1045 |
Xray Diffraction Studies Show the Structure of | 1046 |
Antigendriven Somatic Hypermutation Finetunes | 1052 |
The Nervous System | 1059 |
some major principles | 1067 |
The Function of a Nerve Cell Depends on | 1088 |
Voltagegated Ion Channels and | 1094 |
Neurotransmitter Release Is Quantal | 1106 |
Each Axon or Dendrite Extends by Means of | 1112 |
| 1135 | |
Special Features of Plant Cells | 1137 |
1115 | 1140 |
Cell Death Adjusts the Number of Surviving Neurons | 1147 |
Panel 201 The cell types and tissues of higher plants 11481149 | 1148 |
1122 | 1153 |
The Number of Surviving Inputs Depends on | 1159 |
1137 | 1167 |
The Organization of Cellulose Microfibrils | 1168 |
Meristems Continually Produce New Organs and | 1174 |
Cancer | 1187 |
900 | 1189 |
1173 | 1195 |
Summary | 1209 |
| 1217 | |
| 1219 | |
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Common terms and phrases
actin actin filaments active amino acid Annu antibodies atoms bacteria base-pairing binding Biochem bonds Ca2+ catalyzed Cell Biol cell types CH2 CH2 CH2 chemical chloroplasts chromatin chromosome clone compartment complex concentration contain covalently cytoplasm cytosol DNA molecules DNA replication DNA sequences domain Electron micrograph encoded energy enzyme eucaryotic eucaryotic cells example Figure function gene regulatory proteins genetic genome glucose Golgi apparatus gradient helices helix histone hormone hydrolysis hydrophobic inner membrane interactions intracellular intron lipid bilayer lysosomes matrix mechanism membrane proteins microscope microtubules mitochondria molecular molecules mRNA mutant myosin NADH NADPH normal nuclear nucleosome nucleotide pairs nucleus organelles organisms oxidation pathway phospholipid phosphorylation plasma membrane polypeptide chain procaryotic produce protein synthesis proton pump reaction receptor recombination region ribosomes RNA polymerase rRNA secretory shown signal peptide specific splicing strand structure subunits surface thylakoid translocation transport tRNA vesicles virus yeast
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Page xxx - At synapses, signals pass from one neuron to another (or from a neuron to a muscle cell).