Nineteenth-Century Attitudes: Men of Science: Men of ScienceThe essays collected in this volume include studies of the history of the word scientist and the origin of the terms of electrochemistry as developed by Faraday, with the aid of the scholars Whewell and Whitlock Nicholl. In this bicentennial year of the birth of Faraday, the topic of his discovery of electromagnetic induction is timely, as described here in the story of the ten-year search that preceded it. Faraday enters also as the major proponent of the chemical theory of the voltaic cell, in opposition to Volta's contact theory. There is also an essay on Sir John Herschel's discovery of hypo and its application to photography. The book covers the formative period of science as a profession in England and introduces some figures of the transition to professionalism, as exemplified by Davy, Herschel, Faraday, Talbot, Whewell, and others, in terms of their work and their attitude toward it. |
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Contents
SCIENTIST THE STORY OF A WORD | 1 |
THE STORY OF THE VOLTA POTENTIAL | 40 |
THE SEARCH FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION 18201831 | 84 |
FARADAY CONSULTS THE SCHOLARS THE ORIGIN OF THE TERMS OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY | 126 |
HERSCHEL AND HYPO | 173 |
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acid action Ampère Ampère's anion anode anode and cathode Arago battery body called Cambridge cathode cation Cavendish chemical chemical potentials chemistry circuit connected contact potentials contact-potential difference copper Davy decomposing Demonferrand described Dictionary direction discovery dry contact effect electric current Electrochemistry electrolyte electrolyte solution electromagnetic induction English equation experimental expressed fact Faraday's Fitzedward Hall free energy galvanic cell Greek Herschel Huxley hypo hyposulphites induced current John John Herschel John Ruskin Kelvin knowledge language letter London magnet meaning metals Michael Faraday Mill Mill's modern natural philosophy nature negative observed opinion Original in Trinity paper phenomena philosophy physical physicist plates poles positive potential difference published Rive rotation Royal Institution Royal Society Ruskin salt scientific SCMF silver stechion sulfur sulfurous acid surface Thomson tion vacuum or air voltage voltaic voltaic pile Whewell's William Whewell wire word scientist wrote zetode zinc