Physical Metallurgy for Engineers

addition alloy alpha aluminum amount annealed applications atoms austenite behavior beta boundaries called carbon cast cause changes Chapter chemical cold-worked composition concentration considered containing cooling copper corrosion Courtesy crystal curve decrease deformation determined diagram diffusion direction discussed dislocation ductility effect electrical electrons energy equilibrium diagram eutectic eutectoid example field Figure formation fracture given grain grain boundaries hardening hardness heat heat treatment important increase involves iron lattice liquid magnetic martensite material mechanical metal method MICHIGAN microstructure nickel obtained occurs operation oxide particles peritectic phase plane plastic position possible precipitation present problem produced properties quenched range reaction recrystallization region relatively resistance result shown in Fig shows similar slip solid solution solidification space specimen steel strain strength stress structure surface Table temperature tempering tion transformation typical usually various x-rays