The Influence of the Carnegie, Ford, and Rockefeller Foundations on American Foreign Policy: The Ideology of PhilanthropyThis book examines the generally unrecognized role played by the Carnegie, Ford, and Rockefeller foundations in support of United States foreign policy, particularly since 1945. The foundations' efforts on behalf of American interests abroad have focused primarily on their support for a number of institutions of higher education in strategically located Third World nations. These institutions, modeled after foundation-supported American universities, were designed to train Third World leaders in norms that would encourage them--minimally--to assume a posture of neutrality toward American economic and political penetration of their societies. Dr. Berman's study challenges the oft-asserted, but undocumented, thesis of the American political right that these liberal foundations historically have pursued policies detrimental to United States interests. The evidence indicates how foundation policies and programs were formulated after close consultation with leaders of the American corporate sector and government officials, and how their activities were designed to further the objectives determined by those who influence the direction of United States foreign policy. |
Contents
Foundations and the Extension of American Hegemony | 9 |
The Control of Culture | 10 |
The Origins and Ideology of Modern Philanthropy | 13 |
Some Early Foundation Programs | 16 |
On Analyzing the Foundations Hegemony | 24 |
Foundation Managers Their Money and Their Influence | 30 |
The Foundations in Perspective | 35 |
United States Foreign Policy and the Evolution of the Foundations Overseas Programs 19451960 | 39 |
The Growth of International and AreaStudies Programs after 1945 | 98 |
Foundation Support for the Social Sciences | 103 |
The Social Scientists View of Development | 109 |
The Consensus on ThirdWorld Development | 116 |
The Outcomes and Implications of Sponsored Developmental Theory | 119 |
Foundation Influence on Intermediate Organizations International Forums and Research | 125 |
Foundation Support for Outside Organizations | 127 |
The AfricanAmerican Institute | 129 |
The Evolving Foreign Policy Consensus | 41 |
Continued Access to Sources of Raw Materials | 44 |
Evolutionary Change versus Revolutionary Chaos | 46 |
Mechanisms to Implement the WarPeace Studies Projects Conclusions | 48 |
The World Bank | 49 |
Bilateral Aid | 50 |
The Basis for the Foundations Overseas Programs after 1945 | 53 |
The Direction of the Foundations Overseas Programs | 57 |
Foundation Programs and ForeignPolicy Determination | 60 |
The Implementation of Foundation Programs in the Third World | 65 |
Support for Lead Universities in Developing Nations | 67 |
Foundation Work in Nigeria | 73 |
Foundation Support for the University of East Africa | 74 |
The Growth of Social Science in ThirdWorld Universities | 77 |
Programs in Public Administration | 83 |
Teacher Education Projects | 86 |
The Foundations and Foreign Students | 91 |
Forging an Intellectual Network | 94 |
The Foundations Define a Field Foreign Area Studies Social Science and Developmental Theory | 97 |
Agencies to Coordinate American Universities International Activities | 131 |
Education and World Affairs | 134 |
Agencies to Coordinate the Foundations Developmental Strategies | 135 |
Overseas Development Council | 138 |
Support for Propaganda Organizations | 141 |
Foundation Support for International Conferences and Studies | 143 |
The Bellagio Conferences on ThirdWorld Development | 147 |
Foundation Sponsorship of Independent Research | 150 |
The Extension of the Foundations Hegemony | 155 |
Technocracy Cultural Capital and Foundation Programs | 159 |
Technocracy as a Developmental Panacea | 161 |
Program Evaluation and the Technocratic Strategy | 164 |
Foundations and the Reproduction and Control of Cultural Capital | 167 |
The Foundations as Class Institutions | 172 |
On the Contradictions of Liberal Philanthropy | 175 |
Notes | 179 |
Index | 217 |
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The Influence of the Carnegie, Ford, and Rockefeller Foundations on American ... Edward H. Berman No preview available - 1984 |
Common terms and phrases
activities Administration Affairs African Education African-American Institute Alan Pifer American universities approach Arnove Asia Asian capitalism capitalist Carnegie Corporation centers Chapter Cold War Commission Committee concern conference Council on Foreign Creative Philanthropy cultural Dean Rusk developing nations developmental theory discussion dominant East Africa elite example fellowship folder Ford and Rockefeller Ford Foundation Ford's foreign policy Foreign Relations foun Foundation Annual Report Foundation grant foundation officers foundation personnel Foundation president foundation programs foundation support foundation's funding hegemony Higher Education Ibid ideology important influence insure interests International Training Latin America leaders liberal linked major foundations million Murphy Nigeria nonformal education noted organizations overseas programs particular perspectives Phelps-Stokes Fund problems RFNYC Rockefeller Foundation role School selected social science social scientists society sponsored staff Teachers College Third-World development Third-World nations Training and Research trustees United States foreign University of East University of Ibadan Western World Bank York