Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions and Mechanisms

acid alkenes alkyl groups allyl anions antarafacial aromatic rings carbanions carbonyl groups cation CH₁ CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ H CH3 CH3 CH3 H Chem compounds conjugated conrotatory converted cyclic cycloaddition cyclobutene cyclopropyl derivatives Diels-Alder reactions diene diradical disrotatory double bonds electrocyclic reactions electrophilic energy formation free radicals furan H CH H CH₂ H CH3 H H H H₁C H₂C CH3 H₂O H₂SO halides halogen Hammett heterocyclic rings HOMO hydrogen atoms hydrogen migrations interaction intermediates ions isomers leaving groups LUMO mechanism methyl migrating groups molecular orbital molecules NaOH NH₂ nitrogen atoms NO₂ nucleophiles open-chain photochemical proceed protonation pyridine pyrrole react reactive reagents resonance forms result ring opening shown in Eq sigmatropic shifts singlet stable starting material structures substituents substitution reactions sulfur suprafacial symmetry temperatures Tetrahedron Lett thermal thiophene tions tosylate transition triplet undergo Wagner-Meerwein rearrangements Winstein Woodward-Hoffmann rules yield ylides