Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Cold RegionsDennis M. Filler, Ian Snape, David L. Barnes This guide to bioremediation in cold regions is designed to aid environmental practitioners, industry, and regulators in the remediation of petroleum spills and contaminated sites in cold regions. Remediation design and technology used in temperate climates does not necessarily work in cold climates, and cleanup takes longer due to shorter treatment seasons, sub-freezing temperatures, ground freezing and thawing, and limited bioactivity. Environmental engineers and scientists from eight countries working in the polar regions combine their experiences and expertise with petroleum contamination to write this book. It contains in-depth discussions on regulations, freezing and frozen ground, identification and adaptations of cold-tolerant bacteria, contaminant transport in cold soils and permafrost, temperature effects on biodegradation, analytical methods, treatability studies, and nutritional requirements for bioremediation. Emphasis is given to practical and effective bioremediation methods for application in cold regions. Emerging technologies are also discussed. |
Contents
Section 1 | 30 |
Section 2 | 38 |
Section 3 | 49 |
Section 4 | 55 |
Section 5 | 57 |
Section 6 | 65 |
Section 7 | 69 |
Section 8 | 93 |
Section 11 | 125 |
Section 12 | 154 |
Section 13 | 170 |
Section 14 | 178 |
Section 15 | 190 |
Section 16 | 202 |
Section 17 | 205 |
Section 18 | 212 |
Section 9 | 102 |
Section 10 | 109 |
Section 19 | 227 |
Common terms and phrases
abiotic active layer aeration Alaska alkanes ammonium anaerobic Antarctic Antarctica Arctic bacteria bioaugmentation biodegradation biodegradation rates biogenic interference biopile bioremediation bioventing Braddock BTEX carbon Casey Station Chapter chemical cleanup cold regions cold soils compounds concentrations contaminated sites contaminated soil crude oil degradation rates depth developed diesel ecosystem effects environment environmental evaluation fertilizer field trials Figure Filler freeze-thaw frozen soil fuel genes groundwater guidelines hydrocarbon degradation increased insulation kg-¹ kg−1 soil landfarm levels low temperatures Macquarie Island mesocosm mesophilic methods mg kg−1 mg N kg−1 microbial microcosms migration mineralization moisture monitoring naphthalene NAPL nitrate nitrogen Nunavut nutrient organic oxygen permafrost permeability petroleum contamination petroleum hydrocarbons phosphorus pore space potential Pseudomonas psychrophiles release remediation reported Respirometry sample saturated Snape soil contaminated soil temperature soil water Sphingomonas spills studies sub-Antarctic substrate surface Table thawing thermal thermal insulation tion treatability treatment unfrozen volatilization Walworth Whyte