Challenges in Using Opioids to Treat Pain in Persons with Substance Abuse Disorders: A Reprint from “Addiction Science and Clinical Practice”DIANE Publishing |
Common terms and phrases
abuse activities actual acute pain addiction administration alcohol alter American analgesia analgesic approaches appropriate assessment associated basis behaviors blood levels brain buprenorphine cause chronic pain clinical clinicians co-occurring common concerns context continued develop disorders dose drug et al euphoria example experience factors FIGURE function given harm helpful identifiable important improve increase indicate individuals intermittent interventions intravenous issues Kappa Opioids less long-term mechanism medications ment methadone misuse nerve neuropathic pain obtain occur oids onset opi opioid misuse opioid therapy pain management pain treatment particularly patients percent periods peripheral persistent persons physical physical dependence physiological potential prescribed prescription present primary principles problems processing professionals psychiatric receive recovery reduce relatively relief require resolves result reward risk screening setting severe side effects signals sometimes specific spinal cord stable stress studies substance suggest supply Table tion tissue tolerance treated understanding usually variables withdrawal