Adsorption and the Gibbs Surface ExcessThe subject matter of this book is not entirely new in that much has been written about the state of the interfacial chemistry in other textbooks. However, the authors have found that there is really a need for a book which can lead an investigator, a student, or a beginn er through the in-depth understanding and descriptions involved in the derivations and usage of the adsorption equations based on the unified concept of the Gibbs surface excess. The derivation of the original Gibbs equation for the liquid interface has been amplified with reformulations and criticisms. Attempts have been frequently made to relate the surface excess quantities with the thermodynamic properties of the physically defined interfacial phase. In the last two decades, useful applications of the Gibbs equations have been made for the study of adsorption at solid-liquid as weIl as liquid-gas interfaces formed in the presence of the multicomponent solutions in the bulk. These recent treatments become useful for the experimental studies of the adsorption of electrolytes and interfacial properties related to neutral and charged monolayers. The consistency of the experimental results with those to be expected from the theories of the electrical double layer needs careful examination. An attempt has been made to present in a single volume all these developments based on the unified concept of the Gibbs surface excess. The study of the adsorption from solution is of considerable importance in the field of biology and in many other branches of applied science. |
Contents
INTRODUCTION | 1 |
EXPERIMENTAL METHODS AND PROCEDURES | 9 |
ADSORPTION AT LIQUID INTERFACES | 39 |
Copyright | |
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acid activity coefficients adsorbed adsorption air-water amphiphile An₂ aqueous binding interaction biopolymer bulk phase c₂ calculated Chem chemical potential Colloid Colloid Interface Sci component concentration constant contact angle CTAB curve D. K. Chattoraj detergent double layer egg albumin electrolyte entropy equal equilibrium experimental data FIGURE films free energy change gelatin Gibbs adsorption equation Gibbs equation given hydration hydrophobic increase inorganic interfacial phase interfacial tension ionic strength isotherms kJ/mol ligand linear lipid liquid interface magnitude measured membrane micelle mixture mN/m molal molar mole fraction monolayer myristic acid n₁ NaCl obtained oil-water interface Phys plot polymer present Redrawn from Ref region relation respectively solid powder solid surface solvent standard free energy surface area surface excess surface phase surface pressure surface tension surfactant Table temperature thermodynamic unity valinomycin values vapor various vide Fig X₁ zero