The Diagnosis and Treatment of Breakthrough Pain

absorption Acupuncture adverse effects alfentanil analgesia anesthetic assessment background pain baseline pain bisphosphonates blockade breakthrough medication breakthrough pain buprenorphine Busch cancer patients cancer-related breakthrough pain Caraceni celiac plexus CHAPTER 9 Nonpharmacologic Cherny chronic pain Coluzzi controlled substances duloxetine duration of action end-of-dose failure episodic pain fentanyl fentanyl buccal tablet gabapentin Hanks G hospice Hwang hydromorphone incident pain intranasal Journal of Pain ketamine management of breakthrough Mercadante methadone morphine mucosa neuraxial neurolytic neuropathic pain Nonopioid Nonpharmacologic interventions NSAIDs Oncology onset of action opioid therapy oral morphine oral opioids oral route oral transmucosal fentanyl Oxford University Press oxycodone Pain and Symptom pain in cancer pain management pain Portenoy pain relief Palliative Care patients reported pharmacokinetic Portenoy and Hagen Portenoy RK pregabalin prescribed rectal routes of administration side effects spontaneous pain studies sublingual sufentanil Symptom Management therapeutic tients transdermal fentanyl transmucosal fentanyl citrate treatment of breakthrough Twycross Wiffen Zeppetella