X-ray Microscopy: Instrumentation and Biological Applications

absorption edge Acta radiologica angle Angstrom atomic beamline Berlin Heidelberg 1987 biological materials biological specimens calcium carbon cell chamber Cheng and G. J. condenser zone plate contact microscopy Daresbury density detector diameter diffraction dose electron beam electron microscopy emission energy Engström experimental exposure Feder film flux focusing Fresnel diffraction G. J. Jan grid high resolution historadiography incident intensity irradiation Kirz Laboratory laser lithography magnet magnification mass loss method micro zone plate micrometer microradiography monochromator object obtained optical P. C. Cheng phase contrast photons photoresist pinhole PMMA PMMA resist produced protein pulse radiation damage Radiography region resist surface Rosser Rudolph Sayre scanning x-ray microscope Schmahl shadow shadow projection shown in Figure signal silicon silicon nitride soft x-ray contact Spiller SRRC storage ring structure STXM synchrotron radiation target technique thickness thin tissue transmission electron microscopy undulator vacuum wafer wavelength x-ray contact image x-ray imaging x-ray lithography x-ray microscopy z-pinches