Advances in Parasitology

adult Africa agent America Anderson animals anorexia appeared Argas argasid associated average axis of orientation bats biological birds body Borrelia cause changes Clifford culicivorax cycle density described disease distribution domestic dynamics effective eggs et al evolution evolved example Experimental factors families feeding female fever Flavivirus forms genera genus given helminth Hoogstraal host human important increase infection intestinal isolated ixodid Journal larvae levels mammals measured mermithids mosquitoes nature nematode observed occur Ornithodoros parameter parasite Parasitology period population present prevalence primitive probably production protein recent recorded reduced region remains reported represented Research respectively responses reviewed ridges rodents schistosomiasis sheep single snails South species stage studies suggest synlophe Table tick tion transmission transmitted treatment Tropical United vector ventral virus viruses weeks worm burden