Experts in Organizations: A Knowledge-based Perspective on Organizational ChangeOrganizational learning is currently a subject of intense debate in the study of corporate dynamics. But how can such a concept be used effectively without a thorough understanding of the way in which organizations produce and distribute knowledge? An in-depth analysis of expert system projects afforded a choice opportunity for studying such questions. Drawing on four case studies, the authors identify and explore the dynamics of three basic types of expertise. They simultaneously reveal the crisis in expertise experienced by firms facing the demands of product variety and innovation. In such industrial contexts, organizational and managerial theories clearly have to include new approaches, presented here, which focus on the dynamics of expertise. |
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able acceptable action activity actors already analysis application approach assigned automation basic better certain choice complex conception concerned considered consists constraints context Cornélius decision define described difficulties economic effect elements engineer evaluation example existing expert systems expertise exploration fact Finally firms formalization functioning GESPI given hand idea identify industrial initial involved know-how knowledge limited logic machines maintenance means methods modelling nature Naval necessary objectives operational operational research organization organizational particular planners planning platform possible practices preparation present problem production production planners programme progressively prospects questions rationalization reasoning relations relevant rigs role rolling routing rules situations solution specialists specific stage stakes station structure studied subsidiaries technical techniques tion tool TOTEM tracks traffic trains transformation understand users workshop