Optical Techniques to Characterize Polymer SystemsHeinz Bässler To optimize the properties of polymers or to design new polymeric materials for special applications, one has to understand how their properties depend on chemical and physical structure. This, in turn, requires methods for material characterization operating on a microscopic level such as optical techniques. Over the past decades major progress has been made in exploiting the analytical power offered by spectroscopic methods if combined with modern light source and detection technology. This multi-author book has been written in order to acquaint a broader audience with these recent achievements. Its individual chapters have been arranged in three groups featuring absorption, luminescence and diffraction techniques including non-linear optics for probing the physical structure of polymers, as well as their dynamic behavior in the presence and absence of electronic excitation. Emphasis has been placed on recent developments in the spectroscopy of solid polymers. |
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Contents
Studies by FTIR Spectroscopy of Molecular Orientation in Monomolecular | 41 |
Glass Dynamics Probed by Motional Line Narrowing of Reactions in Polymers | 71 |
Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Polymers | 115 |
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absorption angle applied average band beam blends Brillouin calculated Chem chromophores coefficient components concentration copolymer correlation function curve decay delayed fluorescence density determined diacetylene dispersion distribution doped dynamic effect elastic stiffness electronic structure emission energy migration excimer excitation transport exciton experimental experiments Figure Gaussian geometry glass transition hypersonic inhomogeneous intensity interaction ionization isotropic kinetics laser layers Lett light scattering Macromolecules materials matrix measured mode molecular weight molecules monomer naphthalene nonlinear optical observed obtained oligomers orientation parameters peak phase phosphorescence photoelectron spectroscopy photon Phys PMMA polarization polydiacetylene polymer chain polymeric probe properties PVAC PVCA Raman Raman scattering refractive refractive index relaxation resonance sample second harmonic single crystals solid films solution sound frequency sound velocity spectra spectrum spiropyran substrate surface synchrotron radiation technique temperature dependence third order trap triplet values vibrational wave vector wavelength