Surfactant Aggregation

acid adsorbed adsorbed surfactant adsorption aggregation number alkyl alkyl chains amphiphilic anionic anionic surfactant application aqueous behaviour bilayer black films bulk chain length Chem chemical Clint Coll component concentration of surfactant counterions critical micelle concentration curve decrease detergent dispersion dodecyl sulphate drainage droplets effect electrolyte electrostatic emulsion enthalpy equation equilibrium example foam head group hydrated hydrocarbon hydrophilic hydrophobic increase interactions Interface Sci interfacial tension ionic surfactants isotherm Krafft lamellar phase Langmuir Langmuir-Blodgett films LB films lipid liposomes liquid crystal lyotropic measured membranes method micellar solution micelle formation micellisation microemulsion mixed micelles mixtures mole fraction monolayer monomer multilayers non-ionic surfactants oil/water interface particles phase diagram Phys polar polymer produce properties scattering shown in Figure sodium dodecyl sulphate solid surface solubilised solubility stabilised structure surfactant surfactant concentration surfactant molecules surfactant solution technique temperature thickness thin values viscosity volume fraction zwitterionic