The Practical Use of Fracture MechanicsThis book is about the use of fracture mechanics for the solution of practical problems; academic rigor is not at issue and dealt with only in as far as it improves insight and understanding; it often concerns secondary errors in engineering. Knowledge of (ignorance of) such basic input as loads and stresses in practical cases may cause errors far overshadowing those introduced by shortcomings of fracture mechanics and necessary approximations; this is amply demonstrated in the text. I have presented more than three dozen 40-hour courses on fracture mechanics and damage tolerance analysis, so that I have probably more experience in teaching the subject than anyone else. I learned more than the students, and became cognizant of difficulties and of the real concerns in applications. In particular I found, how a subject should be explained to appeal to the practicing engineer to demonstrate that his practical problem can indeed be solved with engineering methods. This experience is reflected in the presenta tions in this book. Sufficient background is provided for an understanding of the issues, but pragamatism prevails. Mathematics cannot be avoided, but they are presented in a way that appeals to insight and intuition, in lieu of formal derivations which would show but the mathematical skill of the writer. |
Contents
III | 1 |
IV | 3 |
V | 8 |
VI | 15 |
VII | 17 |
VIII | 20 |
IX | 22 |
X | 25 |
LXX | 236 |
LXXI | 238 |
LXXII | 241 |
LXXIII | 243 |
LXXIV | 244 |
LXXV | 247 |
LXXVI | 249 |
LXXVII | 255 |
XI | 28 |
XII | 31 |
XIII | 35 |
XIV | 41 |
XV | 44 |
XVI | 46 |
XVII | 48 |
XVIII | 52 |
XIX | 55 |
XX | 57 |
XXI | 61 |
XXII | 67 |
XXIII | 70 |
XXIV | 73 |
XXV | 75 |
XXVI | 79 |
XXVIII | 86 |
XXIX | 88 |
XXX | 90 |
XXXI | 93 |
XXXII | 97 |
XXXIII | 98 |
XXXIV | 102 |
XXXV | 106 |
XXXVI | 109 |
XXXVII | 112 |
XXXVIII | 116 |
XXXIX | 118 |
XL | 121 |
XLI | 123 |
XLII | 126 |
XLIII | 130 |
XLIV | 133 |
XLV | 136 |
XLVI | 145 |
XLVII | 149 |
XLVIII | 157 |
XLIX | 163 |
L | 165 |
LI | 168 |
LII | 169 |
LIII | 175 |
LIV | 176 |
LV | 180 |
LVI | 192 |
LVII | 195 |
LVIII | 198 |
LIX | 203 |
LX | 204 |
LXI | 205 |
LXII | 208 |
LXIII | 209 |
LXIV | 212 |
LXV | 214 |
LXVI | 215 |
LXVII | 218 |
LXVIII | 222 |
LXIX | 232 |
LXXVIII | 258 |
LXXIX | 260 |
LXXX | 267 |
LXXXI | 271 |
LXXXII | 274 |
LXXXIII | 278 |
LXXXIV | 279 |
LXXXV | 282 |
LXXXVI | 290 |
LXXXVII | 293 |
LXXXVIII | 300 |
LXXXIX | 310 |
XC | 316 |
XCI | 319 |
XCII | 327 |
XCIII | 329 |
XCIV | 332 |
XCV | 334 |
XCVI | 339 |
XCVII | 345 |
XCVIII | 353 |
XCIX | 356 |
C | 361 |
CI | 362 |
CII | 369 |
CIII | 373 |
CIV | 377 |
CV | 379 |
CVI | 384 |
CVII | 385 |
CVIII | 387 |
CIX | 389 |
CX | 391 |
CXI | 393 |
CXII | 395 |
CXIII | 397 |
CXIV | 404 |
CXV | 408 |
CXVI | 410 |
CXVII | 417 |
CXVIII | 420 |
CXIX | 422 |
CXX | 424 |
CXXI | 425 |
CXXII | 428 |
CXXIII | 430 |
CXXIV | 436 |
CXXV | 440 |
CXXVII | 443 |
CXXVIII | 447 |
CXXIX | 462 |
CXXX | 465 |
CXXXI | 476 |
483 | |
CXXXIII | 485 |
515 | |
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Common terms and phrases
applied arrest assumed assumptions calculated collapse crack growth analysis crack growth curve crack sizes crack tip stress cycles da/dN damage tolerance analysis depends determined discussed in Chapter displacement effect elastic engineering EPFM equal Equation error example exceedance diagram failure fastener fatigue crack growth finite element finite element analysis fracture mechanics fracture occurs fracture stress geometry factors Hence hole inch inspection interval K₁ Kmax ksi√in LEFM load transfer material measured mode notch obtained parameters permissible crack plane strain plane stress plastic deformation plastic zone plate predicted probability of detection problem procedure reference stress requirements residual strength diagram residual stresses retardation models safety factor shear shown in Figure specimen spectrum strain energy strake stress concentration stress corrosion stress distribution stress history stress intensity factor stress-strain curve stringer structure surface flaws Table tension thickness toughness weld yield strength πα