Islam: Islam and social movements

Abbasid activities Aḥmad al-Azhar al-Muhajiroun Allah Anṣār Arab argued authority Azharite Brethren Cairo caliph century citizenship claims concept contemporary crisis cultural democracy democratic discourse economic Egypt Egyptian elections emergence established Europe European fundamentalism fundamentalist global groups Hasan Hizb al-Tahrir Ibid Ibn Idrīs identity ideology Idris imam Imami Indonesian students institutions intellectual International Iran Islamic Islamic fundamentalism Islamist Israel Istanbul Ja'far Jama'at jihad Karachi Khatmiyya leaders leadership liberal London Mahdi Mahdist Maududi Middle East modern movements Muhammad Muslim Brotherhood nation-state nationalist occultation organization Ottoman Pakistan party party's period political popular Prophet public sphere Qur'an Qutb Refah religion religious revolution role rule rulers Sayyid Sayyid Qutb secular Shari'a Shaykh Shi'i Shi'ism social society struggle Sudan Sufi Sufism Takbir tariqa tion tradition Turkey Turkish Ulama umma University Press violence Weber West Western youth Zia's