Introductory Engineering Materials

addition allotropy alloy steels alloying element aluminum aluminum alloys amount annealed applications approximately atomic arrangement austenite behavior brass brick brittle bronze carbide carbon content cast iron cement cementite cent carbon cent elongation chemical chromium cold cold-worked color commercially pure compound compression concrete condition constituent cooling rate corrosion resistance crystals ductility effect elevated temperature engineering ferrite furnace grain graphite gray cast iron hardening hardness heat heat-treatment high-temperature hot-working hydration important increase layer lime load machine magnesium malleable manganese martensite material mechanical properties melting method microstructure mold mortar Muntz metal nickel normal operation oxide particles pearlite perature plain carbon steels plaster plastic deformation produced pure iron quantities quenching range resin result sand shape silicon slag solid solution solidification strengthening stress structure sulfur surface tempering tensile strength tion tool steels treatment ture welding wood wrought iron yield strength zinc