The Roman Imperial Army of the First and Second Centuries A.D.This classic work of scholarship scrutinizes all aspects of Roman military forces throughout the Roman Empire, in Europe, North Africa, and the Near and Middle East. Graham Webster describes the Roman army’s composition, frontier systems, camps and forts, activities in the field (including battle tactics, signaling, and medical services), and peacetime duties, as well as the army’s overall influence in the Empire. First published in 1969, the work is corrected and expanded in this third edition, which includes new information from excavations and the finding of contemporary scholars. Hugh Elton provides an introduction surveying scholarship on the Roman army since the last edition of 1985.
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Contents
FIG PAGE 1 The Legion described by Livy | 6 |
FRONTIER SYSTEMS | 28 |
Map of the Roman Empire showing the provinces under Hadrian | 32 |
The Rhine and Upper Danube frontier c 19 B C A D 16 | 48 |
The Rhine and Upper Danube frontier c A D 40250 | 53 |
5a Dacia and the Limes on the Lower Danube | 60 |
5b Middle Danube | 63 |
Hadrians Wall | 69 |
A horsearmour from DuraEuropos | 166 |
Levantine archer on Trajans Column | 166 |
a A cavalry parade helmet from Ribchester b Parade armour for a horse from Straubing Bavaria | 166 |
Cast of part of a cavalry tombstone at Mainz | 166 |
a Ships in a harbour of a legionary fortress on the Danube b Showing a clavicular entrance and two auxiliary guards with oval shields | 166 |
a Defensive traps lilia at Rough Castle on the Antonine Wall b A scene from Trajans Column showing the construction of defences | 166 |
A timber building showing after excavation at Valkenburg Holland | 166 |
A section through the defences of the legionary fortress at Chester showing the turf rampart and log corduroy | 166 |
The Antonine Wall | 79 |
The Legionary Fortresses in Britain | 81 |
The Eastern Frontiers | 86 |
The Limes of Africa | 90 |
THE COMPOSITION OF THE ARMY | 96 |
The organization of the legion | 110 |
A buckle from London | 121 |
A beltplate from Leicester | 122 |
The lorica segmentata front view | 123 |
Piece of a lorica segmentata from London | 124 |
A legionary helmet | 127 |
A bone handgrip from a gladius from Dorchester Dorset | 128 |
Dolabra and sheath | 129 |
A capricorn standard from Wiesbaden | 136 |
A pendant from a horsetrapping from Newstead | 153 |
An eyepiece from a horses parade frontlet | 154 |
A bone stiffener from a composite bow from Bar Hill | 155 |
Tombstone of the centurion Facilis at Colchester | 166 |
b Part of the tombstone of a standardbearer of the Ala Petriana at Hexham | 166 |
Part of the tombstone of a trooper of a Thracian ala from Cirencester | 166 |
The tombstone of a Hamian archer from Housesteads | 166 |
Two auxiliaries with oval shields from Trajans Column | 166 |
Horsetrappings and saddle | 166 |
Sarmatian cataphracts on Trajans Column | 166 |
a Model of a large ballista onager b Legionaries forming a testudo from Trajans Column | 166 |
a A mobile fieldgun carroballista on Trajans Column b Model of a fieldgun | 166 |
a a watch tower and a signal station b a field dressing station | 166 |
A forage party from Trajans Column | 166 |
a The tombstone of Vellaunus Biturix a horseman of Ala Longiniana carrying a standard b The tombstone of Pintaius a standardbearer of Coh V Ast... | 166 |
CAMPS AND FORTS | 167 |
A leather tent as reconstructed by I A Richmond | 170 |
A palisade stake from Castleshaw | 173 |
Plans of camp entrances | 174 |
Fire control on fort defences | 176 |
A box rampart after Valkenburg and thorn hedge | 177 |
A turf cutter from Great Casterton Rutland | 180 |
The west gate at Housesteads restored | 183 |
The legionary fortress at Caerleon | 186 |
general plan of the legionary fortress | 187 |
Plans of the legionary fortresses at a Lambaesis and b Novaesium | 188 |
Plans of the legionary fortresses at a Carnuntum and b Lauriacum | 189 |
THE ARMY IN THE FIELD | 231 |
THE ARMY IN PEACEFUL ACTIVITIES | 269 |
BIBLIOGRAPHY | 286 |
| 305 | |
| 321 | |
Common terms and phrases
Agricola Antonine Wall appears Arch areas armour Augustus auxilia auxiliary barbarians bath-house battle Birley Brit building Caerleon Caesar camp campaign Carnuntum cavalry centurion Chester civil Claudius cohorts command D. J. Breeze Dacian Danube defences ditch Domitian early Emperor Empire enemy Epig equestrian equipment evidence example Excavations Flavian fleet force forts garrisons Gaul Gemina Germany granaries Hadrian Hadrian's Wall helmets Hist Ian Richmond ibid Imperial Inchtuthil indicate infantry inscriptions Lambaesis legionary legionary fortress legions Limes Livy maniple Marcus Marius Moesia Museum Nero officers Pannonia Parthian pilum Plate Polybius praetorians presumably primus pilus principia probably province rampart rank recruits revolt Rhine Roman Army Roman Britain Roman Frontier Roman Military Rome römischen Scipio second century Severus shields soldiers standards stone Suet Tacitus tactics Tiberius timber tombstone Trajan Trajan's Column tribes troops units Vegetius Vespasian Vindonissa weapon Wroxeter