Thermal Geotechnics

Apollo Apollo 11 calculated clay Coefficient of thermal cold front cold quantity concrete const constant culvert degree-days density differential Engineering Equation factors fine-particled freezing index freezing soil system frost action frost heave frost penetration depth frozen soil gravel ground surface groundwater heat conduction heat flow heat of fusion heat transfer Highway Research Board ice lenses ice segregation isothermal surface Jumikis K₁ kg/m³ latent heat layer lunar soil mass heat capacity material moisture content permafrost porosity R₁ radiation Research Council publication rock sand saturated silt silty slab snow soil mechanics soil moisture soil moisture transferred soil particles soil water Stefan's formula subgrade surface temperature T₁ T₂ Table temperature distribution temperature oscillation thawing depth thawing index thermal conductivity thermal gradient thermal insulation thermal properties thermal resistance thickness unfrozen water unit weight volume volumetric heat capacity water film weight of soil