Light Water Reactor Structural Integrity

aging analysis applied arrest ASME axial calculated Charpy cladding combination components concern considered containment corrosion crack growth curves depth detection determine developed distribution effect energy evaluation factor failure feedwater Figure flaw flow fracture mechanics fracture toughness geometry given heat included increase indications initiation inspection instability integrity internal leak length limited loading lower material maximum measured metal methods nozzle Nuclear obtained occurred operation original parameters performed pipe plant possible predictions presented pressure vessel primary probability problem procedure properties question range reactor reconstituted reduce repair Research residual stress RTNDT safety shown shows specimens stainless steel steam strain surface Table temperature thermal thermal shock thickness transient tube upper shelf values valve variables wall weld