Macleod's Clinical ExaminationJohn Forbes Munro, Ian W. Campbell This textbook describes the practical skills the clinician must acquire and develop in order to evolve diagnostic procedures and management strategies and plans. Macleodsshows how to carry out a competent and professional clinical examination and is intended to complement the information available in standard medical and surgical textbooks. The bookcovers the major divisions of medicine in each chapter e.g. how to take a history, elicit and evaluate problems, the method of examining a patient and how to interpret the significance of your findings. Throughout the book emphasis is placed on the methodof obtaining an accurate history and of performing a physical examination appropriate to the clinical problem. The main chapters conform to a basic pattern. Each starts by describing the relevant symptoms and by discussing their significance. The normalfindings in physical examination are detailed and related to important aspects of applied anatomy and physiology. The examination sequence is then described in detail. Thereafter, the relevance of abnormal signs is discussed. The advantages and limitations of the investigations are described and the chapters conclude by giving examples of the methods in practice. |
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Contents
G MASTERTON A D TOFT | 2 |
The principles of a clinical examination | 15 |
General examination and the external features of disease | 23 |
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abdominal abduction acute alcohol angina aortic aortic stenosis artery Ask the patient assess associated atrial atrial fibrillation auscultation bladder blood bowel breath breathlessness bronchial carcinoma cardiac carotid cause cerebellar cervical chest wall chronic clinician Common abnormalities cough cyanosis diagnosis disease disorders drugs dysphagia dyspnoea Examination sequence failure finger flexion fluid function gland haematuria haemoptysis haemorrhage headache heart sound hypertension hypothyroidism impaired infection ischaemia joint knee lesions ligament limb liver localised loss lung medial mitral mitral stenosis motor neurone movement murmur muscle myocardial infarction neck nerve neurological normal nystagmus obstruction occur oedema onset Ophthalmoscopy optic pain palpation percussion peripheral pleural pleural effusion pneumothorax posterior present pressure pulmonary pulmonary oedema pulse reflex renal respiratory sensation sensory signs skin spinal spine sputum stenosis stridor swelling symptoms syndrome systolic Table tenderness tendon tissue tract tumour ulceration upper urinary urine usually valve vascular venous ventricular visual