The Rise of Commercial Empires: England and the Netherlands in the Age of Mercantilism, 1650-1770The Rise of Commercial Empires is a work of major importance for the economic history of both Europe and North America. It is an analysis of a crucial transformation in the history of world trade, as through both natural situation and active state intervention London and its hinterland grew during the eighteenth century to become the first true entrepot. This was a new kind of structure at the core of the world economy, and sharply distinct from the commercial supremacy enjoyed by Holland and Amsterdam during the seventeenth century. |
Contents
National economies and the history of the market | 1 |
Leading cities and their hinterlands | 9 |
Cities states and mercantilist policy | 15 |
England Holland and the commercial revolution | 29 |
Dutch trade hegemony and English competition 16501700 | 31 |
AngloDutch rivalry national monopoly and deregulation | 33 |
internal free trade and external protection | 43 |
English commercial expansion and the Dutch staplemarket 17001770 | 60 |
The Dutch and English economies as reexport systems | 183 |
The Dutch Staplemarket and English reexports | 186 |
Competition and monopoly | 202 |
England Holland and the international grain trade | 207 |
English exports and the decline of the Baltic grain trade | 209 |
The course of trade and the impact of subsidies | 216 |
English grain exports and the Dutch economy | 226 |
Commercial organisation | 234 |
stability and growth | 66 |
English trade with the Dutch staplemarket | 76 |
The merchant community | 89 |
English trade with the Dutch staplemarket | 101 |
Rivalry crisis and reorganisation in the woollen export trade | 103 |
Commercial rivalry protectionism and their impact on production | 106 |
The demise of the Merchant Adventurers in Holland 16001689 | 121 |
The Hamburg trade and the decline of the transit trade through Holland | 127 |
The influx of foreign buyers into London and the decline of the wholesale merchant | 134 |
Import substitution and European linen imports | 141 |
The linen trade anatomised | 145 |
The changing course of linen imports | 153 |
The impact of duty increases | 160 |
Protectionism and import substitution | 167 |
Commercial organisation | 174 |
The Dutch staplemarket and the growth of English reexports | 181 |
The coal trade and energy resources | 245 |
Hollands energy crisis and coal imports | 247 |
Taxation and the coal trade | 256 |
Commercial organisation | 265 |
Dutch decline and English expansion | 271 |
The shipping industry and the impact of war | 273 |
The decline of Dutch Baltic trade and English competition | 278 |
English domination of the North Sea trades | 287 |
Protectionism and Dutch economic decline | 307 |
British emancipation from the Dutch staplemarket and the impact of protectionism | 309 |
The refinancing of the North Sea economy and the Atlanticisation of British trade | 322 |
Conclusion Commercial growth and the divergence of England | 334 |
Appendixes | 352 |
Bibliography | 363 |
| 388 | |
Common terms and phrases
Amsterdam Anglo-Dutch Asian Atlantic Baltic grain bounty Brants Britain British bulk C. H. Wilson Cambridge capital cargoes Carr chaldron cloths coal trade colonial commission commodity Company competition Cust customs decline Dutch economy Dutch Golden Age Dutch merchants Dutch Republic Dutch staplemarket Dutch-Baltic duties E. A. Wrigley East India EcHR Economic History England English exports English grain English merchants English Overseas Trade English woollens entrepôt European export trade figures foreign France Germany Glorious Revolution grain exports grain trade growth Haarlem Hamburg Holland Huguenot Ibid increased industry J. I. de Neufville linen imports linen trade malt manufactures mercantile mercantilist Merchant Adventurers monopoly Navigation Acts nearby Europe Netherlands Newcastle North Sea northern official values peat period political ports production prohibited protectionism R. H. Tawney re-export trade Republic's Revolution role Rotterdam seventeenth century shipments supplies Table textiles United Provinces vessels Vries wheat woollen exports