Quality Assurance: Guidance to Nondestructive Testing Techniques, Volume 3

alloys amplitude angle applications areas back surface beam C-scan calibration camera cathode ray tube coatings color contact testing corona couplant cracks density detector determined developed dielectric display distance eddy current eddy current testing effects electrical conductivity electromagnetic tests electrons ENCIRCLING COILS energy equipment exposure film flaw detection fluorescent frequency gamma ray heat helium high voltage immersion testing indications initial pulse inspection instrument isotope kryptonated leak lift-off light liquid crystals liquid penetrant Lithium sulfate material measurement metal meter microwave NDT methods nondestructive testing obtained optical oscilloscope penetrameter penetrant testing piezoelectric produce pulse-echo radiation radioactive radiographic radioisotope range reference standard reflected reflectometer relative Resonance scanning scatter screen sensitivity shape signal soundbeam specific technique temperature test coil test item test item surface test object test probe thermal thickness tion transducer tube typical ultrasonic testing unit usually variations wavelength waves weld X-ray machine