Statistical Physics and Irreversible Processes

19th century Amsterdam Verslagen assumed assumption atoms bodies Boltzmann Brownian movement Burbury calculation caloric theory Clausius coefficient collisions convection cooling density derived discussion distribution Dulong-Petit Dulong-Petit law Edinburgh Einstein English trans Enskog entropy equation equilibrium equipartition equipartition theorem ergodic ergodic hypothesis experimental experiments fluid formula H-theorem heat conduction heat transfer hypothesis irreversibility kinetic energy kinetic theory Leipzig liquid London Math mathematical Maxwell's mean free path molecular motion molecules Nature 51 Newton's P. G. Tait paper Paris particles phenomena Phil Phys physical physicists Planck pressure probability problem Proc proof properties published radiant heat radiation random reprinted repulsive force Science scientists Second Law Smoluchowski specific heats spheres statistical mechanics Stefan Tait temperature theorem theory of gases theory of heat thermal Thomson tion Ueber University Press velocity vibrations virial virial theorem vis viva viscosity Waals wave theory Wien Wiss York