Tatars from the Golden Horde settled in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 15th-16th centuries. By descent they were Turco-Mongols, by religion Muslim. Within a few ...

Since its independence in 1991 Tajikistan has suffered a painful series of political crises followed by a civil war, still continuing, whose repercussions extend far beyond its ...

Examines the causes of the post-independence turmoil, and analyses social and political dynamics at work throughout Central Asia.

Potential causes of conflict

The author analyzes the internal and external dynamics of the Tajik conflict, assessing the relative weight of the political, ideological, ethnic, and regional factors. He also ...

First Published in 1991. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.