Can Threatened Languages be Saved?: Reversing Language Shift, Revisited : a 21st Century PerspectiveJoshua A. Fishman Defenders of threatened languages all over the world, from advocates of biodiversity to dedicated defenders of their own cultural authenticity, are often humbled by the dimensity of the task that they are faced with when the weak and the few seek to find a safe-harbour against the ravages of the strong and the many. This book provides both practical case studies and theoretical directions from all five continents and advances thereby the collective pursuit of "reversing language shift" for the greater benefit of cultural democracy everywhere. |
Contents
Why is it so Hard to Save a Threatened Language? | 1 |
Africa and Asia | 18 |
The Americas | 23 |
How Threatened is the Spanish of New York Puerto Ricans? | 44 |
A Decade in the Life of a TwoinOne Language | 74 |
Reversing Language Shift in Quebec | 101 |
Otomí Language Shift and Some Recent Efforts to Reverse | 142 |
Reversing Quechua Language Shift in South America | 166 |
Catalan a Decade Later | 260 |
A Case Study of | 284 |
Biological Challenge for Language Reversal | 309 |
Ainu in Japan | 323 |
Hebrew After a Century of RLS Efforts | 350 |
The Pacific | 364 |
Is the Extinction of Australias Indigenous Languages | 391 |
RLS in AotearoaNew Zealand 19891999 | 423 |
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Common terms and phrases
Aboriginal languages activities adults Ainu language Allophones Andamanese Anglophones areas Basque Country bilingual education Bill Bourhis Catalan census contexts demographic dominant Dutch economic English Erdara ethnic ethnolinguistic groups Euskara Fishman Francophones French Frisian Frisian language functions GIDS goals Hebrew identity ideological immigrants increased indigenous languages institutions interaction intergenerational transmission Iparralde Irish language Irish-speakers island Jewish language and culture language maintenance language planning language policy Latinos literacy majority Māori language ment Mexico minority language monolingual Montreal mother-tongue native language Navajo language Navajo Nation organisations Otomí parents political population programmes Province Puerto Rican Puerto Rican community Quebec Québécois Quechua language Quechua speakers region Reversing Language Shift revitalisation RLS efforts Saraguro schools secular Yiddishism situation social sociolinguistic Spanish speak spoken Stage status teachers teaching territories threatened language tion traditional ultra-Orthodox University vitality Xish Xmen Yiddish Yish York Puerto Rican Zentella