Controlling Communicable DiseaseOptimism that communicable diseases are no longer a threat is clearly misplaced. New diseases, such as HIV, have appeared and some chronic conditions, such as gastric ulcers, have been shown to be caused by infectious agents. This book is about controlling such diseases, a task that is impossible without surveillance, knowledge of basic microbiology and multi-disciplinary public health teams. |
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Activity acute age groups analyse antibody antigen assess asymptomatic attack rate blood carrier cause cent Centre for Infections chronic clinical cohort common confirmed contaminated countries deaths definition detected developed diagnosis diarrhoea difficult diphtheria dose drug effective England and Wales epidemic epidemiology factors Feedback Figure first five food poisoning food-handler hepatitis Hepatitis E herd immunity hospital HPA Centre hygiene identified illness immunity rate important incubation period infectious disease influenza international surveillance laboratory legionnaires mass immunization measles morbidity mortality norovirus notifications objectives After studying occur organism pandemic patients pertussis phase point source population prevent public health rare reporting respiratory risk rubella salmonella sentinel surveillance septicaemia serological sexual sexually transmitted infections side-effects significant specific spread staphylococci STIs studying this chapter subtypes surveillance system susceptible symptoms testing toxin transmitted tuberculosis uptake rates vaccination programme vaccine efficacy virus viruses whooping cough
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Page 236 - Operational (technical, productive) efficiency Using only the minimum necessary resources to finance, purchase and deliver a particular activity or set of activities (ie avoiding waste) Operating expenses The costs incurred by an organization in the course of its ordinary activities.