Meta-Analysis, Decision Analysis, and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis: Methods for Quantitative Synthesis in MedicineMeta-analysis, decision analysis, and cost-effectiveness analysis are the cornerstones of evidence-based medicine. These related quantitative methods have become essential tools in the formulation of clinical and public policy based on the synthesis of evidence. All three methods are taught with increasing frequency in medical schools and schools of public health and in health policy courses at the undergraduate and graduate level. This book is a lucid introduction, and will serve the needs of students taking introductory courses that cover these topics. It will also be useful to clinicians and policymakers who need to understand the quantitative underpinnings of the methods in order to best apply the information that derives from them. The second edition of this popular book adds new material on cumulative meta-analysis as a method to explore heterogeneity. The coverage of cost-effectiveness analysis has been brought into close alignment with recommendations of the U.S. Public Health Panel on Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Health and Medicine. Many of the examples have been replaced with more current examples, and all of the material has been updated to reflect recent advances in the methods and the emergence of consensus about some previously controversial issues. analysis. These three closely related methods have become even more important for synthesizing research since the first edition was published in 1994. And they have gained legitimacy as tools for guiding health policy. |
Contents
Planning the Study | |
Information Retrieval | |
Data Collection | |
Advanced Issues in MetaAnalysis | |
Statistical Methods in MetaAnalysis | |
Other Statistical and Methodologic Issues in MetaAnalysis | |
Measuring Preferences for Health States | |
Advanced CostEffectiveness Analysis | |
Utility and CostUtility Analysis | |
Exploring Heterogeneity | |
Sensitivity Analysis | |
Reporting Results | |
and CostEffectiveness Analysis | |
Complex Decision Problems | |
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Common terms and phrases
abstraction abstractor acute myocardial infarction alternative amniocentesis analysis and costeffectiveness assessed assumption atrial fibrillation benefits breast cancer Calculate casecontrol studies Chapter chemotherapy chorionic villus sampling clinical trials cohort compared confidence interval cost costeffectiveness analysis costutility analysis databases death decision analysis decision tree described discount rate discussed effect size effectiveness analysis estimate of effect estimate of relative estimated relative risk estrogen evaluations EXAMPLE fixedeffects model followup Greenland homogeneity identified included intervention JAMA journals literature MantelHaenszel method measles measure of effect MEDLINE meta metaanalysis mortality nonexperimental studies odds ratio outcome patients Peto method preferences for health problem publication bias published studies QALYs qualityadjusted randomeffects model randomized trials raters recommendations reliability replacement therapy reports retrieval revaccination scale sclerotherapy Section sensitivity analysis shows standard gamble statistically significant strategy stroke summary estimate summary odds ratio Table topic treatment utility and costutility variables warfarin weight Weinstein women