Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy

aristocracy attained August Bebel Bakunin Bebel become Berlin bourgeoisie bureaucracy CALIFORNIA/SANTA CRUZ capitalist comrades congress consequence constitute countries CRUZ The University declared delegates democracy democratic parties deputies dominant economic Eduard Bernstein election electoral employees endeavor executive exercise existence force France French Gaetano Mosca German Socialist Party hand ideal ideas individual influence intellectuals interests Italian Italian Socialist Party Italy Karl Karl Kautsky Karl Marx labor movement leadership less majority manifest manual workers Marx Marxist masses means ment Michels modern moral officials old leaders oligarchy organiza organization Paris parliament petty bourgeois political parties popular position possess practice principle proletarian question rank and file reason regarded Reichstag representatives revolutionary rule secure social democracy socialist leaders society struggle syndicalists tactics tendency theory tion trade unions trade-union leaders Trans UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA/SANTA Victor Considérant vote whilst working-class