The CrusadesCrusading fervor gripped Europe for more than 200 years, creating one of the most extraordinary episodes in world history. But were the Crusades the first steps in European colonialism, an attempt at ethnic cleansing, a manifestation of religious zeal--or all three? Bringing together issues of colonialism, cultural exchange, and economic exploitation, scholar Christopher Tyerman challenges our assumptions about the Crusades and encourages us to re-evaluate the relationship between past and present.
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Acre Alexius Antioch army Baibars Baltic battle became Byzantine campaign canon capture Christ Christian holy Church conflict conquest Constantinople crusade privileges cultural Damascus Damietta defense depicted East ecclesiastical Edessa Egypt empire enemies England Estonia expeditions faith Fifth Crusade fighting force Fourth Crusade France Frankish Franks French frontier German Greek heretics Holy Land Holy Sepulchre holy war ideology increasingly indulgences Islamic Italy Jews jihad King kingdom of Jerusalem later Livonia Louis Mamluks medieval Mediterranean Middle Ages Military Orders modern Muslim northern Ottoman Outremer pagan Palestine papal penance penitential pilgrimage pilgrims political Pope Pope Gregory VII preaching Prussia Reconquista recruitment region religious remained rhetoric Richard rule rulers sade Saladin Second Crusade secular Seljuk sermons settlers Sicily social southern Spain spiritual sultan Syria take the cross Testament Teutonic Knights Third Crusade thirteenth century tion Tripoli Turkish Turks twelfth century Urban violence warfare warriors western Europe