The Study of Nonstandard English

adult ain't American answer Applied Linguistics behavior Bereiter Canadian French careful speech casual speech child classroom co-occurrence rules copula correct deleted dialects differ different from standard distinction educational formal style grade high school hypercorrect important interview John wants Junior Labov marker meaning middle class speakers minimal pairs native NCTE negative concord Negro speakers nonstandard dialect nonstandard English nonstandard form nonstandard language nonstandard Negro English nonstandard speakers nonstandard vernacular observe peer group prestige problems pronominal apposition pronoun pronunciation Puerto Rican question range of style reading record refusal rhyme saw the squirrel schoolroom sentence situation social groups sociolinguistic norms sound patterns speech community Spelling pronunciations squirrel and John standard English status group structure style shifting stylistic teacher teaching tests tion Type I rules Type II rules urban ghettos variable rules verb vernacular culture vernacular forms violation vowel WILLIAM LABOV words write