Verbal Art as Performance

Abrahams American Folklore analysis ancient words anthropologists arkar art as performance artistic aspects audience Austin Bauman and Sherzer Ben-Amos ceremonial varieties chairman Chamula genres Chamula oral tradition chant chicha children's improvised Clive Richardson concept context conventionally couplet court speech culture Cuna literature Cuna verbal art curing ikar Dell Hymes devices discussion Dundes esthetic ethnography example folklorists formal formulae Fourth Creation frame genres golden box Gossen hearts are heated Hymes ikala Ilongot important J. L. Austin Jakobson joke kabary kapur Ladino linguistic literary Malagasy means metacommunication metanarration metaphoric couplets Michelle Rosaldo myth narration narrative performance olouluti Oral Literature orator paralinguistic patterns perspective pisep plant poetic present pure speech pure words recent words refer relationship repetition ritual speech role singer Sociolinguistics song speaking specific speech event speechmaking story storytelling style stylistic symbolic taxonomy tea meeting telling texts true recent narrative Tzotzil verbal art verbal behavior