O'Neill and from the king of Spain; and having agreed also to give up the castles of Baltimore, Castlehaven, and Dunboy, which were garrisoned by Spaniards, he returned to Spain. He was justly blamed by King Philip III. of Spain, and on his arrival he was placed under arrest, which so affected him that he died of grief.

On the night after the fatal day of Kinsale, the Irish chiefs retired with their broken army to Innishannon. Here they held a sad council, in which it was resolved to send O'Donnell to Spain for further help. Leaving his Tirconnellian forces in command of his brother Rory, O'Donnell set out and arrived in Spain in due course. He was treated everywhere with the greatest respect and honour; and King Philip received him most cordially, assuring him that he would send with him to Ireland an armament much more powerful than that of Del Aguila. But Red Hugh O'Donnell never saw his native Ulster more. He took suddenly ill at Simancas; and his bodily ailment was intensified by sickness of heart, for he had heard of the surrender of Kinsale and of the fall of Dunboy (next chapter); and he died on the 10th of September 1602, in the twentyninth year of his age.

noch odonin.

Red Hugh O'Donnell's signature: it is in Irish, and contracted:-Aodh Odomin: that is, Aodh Odomhnaill, Hugh O'Donnell. From "Ulster Journal of Archæology," II., Pl. I., No. 9.

HE Irish chiefs were very indignant with Del Aguila for surrendering Kinsale; and they were incensed beyond measure when they heard that he had agreed to

hand over to the deputy the castles of Baltimore, Castlehaven, and Dunboy (p. 261). The castles had not yet been given up however, and Donall O'Sullivan, chief of Beare and Bantry, the owner of Dunboy, hoping that O'Donnell would soon return with help from Spain, resolved to regain possession of it and defend it. It was situated on a point of the mainland jutting into the channel west of Beare Island, and had the reputation of being impregnable. In February he threw in a body of native troops under A.D. 1602 the command of Richard Mac Geoghegan and Thomas Taylor, an Englishman. The Spaniards who held it were sent away; and now Mac Geoghegan's whole garrison amounted to 143 men, who straightway began to make preparations for a siege.

Carew set out on his march from Cork with 3000 men to lay siege to the castle, sending round his ships with ordnance and stores. At Bantry Sir Charles

The whole army

Wilmot joined him with 1000 more. was conveyed to Great Beare Island by sea, in the first few days of June; and encamped near the ill-starred castle. The devoted little garrison never flinched at sight of the powerful armament of 4000 men, and only exerted themselves all the more resolutely to strengthen their position.

And now the siege was begun and carried on with great vigour; and day after day the ordnance thundered against the walls. On the 17th of June the castle was so shattered that Mac Geoghegan sent to Carew offering to surrender, on condition of being allowed to march out with arms: but Carew's only answer was to hang the messenger and to give orders for a final assault. The storming party were resisted with desperation, and many were killed on both sides; but the defenders

were driven from turret to turret by sheer force of numbers; till at last they had to take refuge in the eastern wing which had not yet been injured. The only way to reach this was by a narrow passage where firearms could not be used; and a furious hand-to-hand combat was kept up for an hour and a half, while from various standpoints the defenders poured down bullets, stones, and every available missile on the assailants, killing and wounding great numbers.

While this was going on, some of the besiegers, by clearing away a heap of rubbish, made their way in by a back passage, so that the garrison found themselves assailed on all sides; whereupon forty of them sallying out, made a desperate rush for the sea, intending to swim to the island. But before they had reached the water they were intercepted and cut down, all but eight who plunged into the sea; and for these the president had provided by stationing a party with boats outside, "who," in Carew's words, "had the killing of them all."

This furious struggle had lasted during the whole long summer day, and it was now sunset; the castle was a mass of ruins, and the number of the garrison was greatly reduced. Late as it was the assault was maintained vigorously; and after another hour's fighting the assailants gained all the upper part of the castle; and the Irish, now only seventy-seven, took refuge in the cellars. Then Carew, leaving a strong guard at the entrance, withdrew his men for the night; while those in the castle enjoyed their brief rest as best they could, knowing what was to come with the light of day.

On the next morning-the 18th of June-Taylor was in command; for Mac Geoghegan was mortally wounded; and the men resolved to defend themselves

to the last, except twenty-three who laid down their arms and surrendered. Carew now directed his cannons on the cellars till he battered them into ruins on the heads of the devoted band; and at length Taylor's men forced him to surrender. When a party of English entered to take the captives, Mac Geoghegan, who was lying on the floor, his life ebbing away, snatched a lighted candle from Taylor's hand, and exerting all his remaining strength, staggered towards some barrels of powder which stood in a corner of the cellar. But one of Carew's officers caught him and held him in his arms, while the others killed him with their swords. On that same day Carew executed fifty-eight of those who had surrendered. He reserved Taylor and fourteen others to tempt them to give information; but as they firmly refused to purchase their lives on such terms, he had them all hanged.

It is chiefly from Carew himself that this account of the siege is taken: and he concludes by saying that of the 143 defenders of Dunboy "no one man escaped but were either slaine, executed, or buried in the ruins; and so obstinate and resolved a defence had not been seene within this kingdom." The powder that was in the vaults was heaped together and ignited; and all that remained of Dunboy was blown into fragments, except two parallel side walls which are still standing.