Introduction to solid state physics

absolute zero absorption alkali alloy antiferromagnet applied field applied magnetic field atoms axis boundary Brillouin zone calculated Chapter charge components conduction band conduction electrons critical field crystal structure cubic defined density dielectric constant diffraction dipole direction dislocation dispersion relation elastic electric field electron gas energy gap entropy equation equilibrium excited exciton experimental F center Fermi surface ferroelectric ferromagnetic Figure free electron frequency function given heat capacity hole impurity interaction ionic ions lattice constant lattice points low temperatures magnetic field magnon Meissner effect metal momentum motion nearest neighbors neutron normal nuclear nucleus optical orbital paramagnetic particle phase phonon Phys physics plane polarizability polarization positive potential primitive cell quantum reciprocal lattice vector region resonance result room temperature scattering semiconductor shown in Fig solid specimen sphere spin superconducting susceptibility theory thermal tion transition temperature unit vacancies valence band velocity wave wavefunction wavelength wavevector x-ray