A very few sentences will describe all that a visitor would see. The general methods of producing pictures for books are lithography, copper-plate engraving, wood-engraving, and the modern process-work. Lithography, or drawing upon stone, is based upon the principle that oil and water will not adhere to each other. With a pencil composed main sheets have been folded, a volume will have gone | seriously interfere with the work done there. through about a dozen different hands, each person doing only one part of the work. Under the general name of "book-binding " are included several trades almost as distinct from each other as are those of the hatter, the tailor, and the shoe-maker. The reason why binding in sheep, calf, or morocco is so much more expensive than in cloth is partly the greater cost of the material, but principally be-ly of lamp-black mixed with oil and wax, the artist cause the work is done almost entirely by hand instead of by machinery. There is, indeed, hardly any limit to the amount of "tooling" which may be laid out upon a volume. Some specimens of fine binding deserve to be ranked high among artistic productions. The electrotype- room, which has been already described, occupies a part of the floor above the makes a drawing upon a kind of close-grained stone precisely as though he were making it upon paper. To print from this drawing, the stone is rubbed over with a moistened sponge. The water will wet the stone itself, but will not wet the oily lines of the drawing. Then a roller, covered with an oily ink, is passed over the whole. The ink adheres to the drawing, but not to that part of the wet stone not bindery. The composing-rooms, which have also been described, are on the corresponding floor of the other building, and are reached by crossing the bridges and the round tower in the court-yard. In the smaller of these rooms the type are set up mostly by women; but the heavy work, such as lifting the forms, is done by men. VIII. The Illustrations. Illustration, by means of engravings, forms no inconsiderable part of the manufacture of a book. The rooms of the artists and engravers are in the Pearl Street building; but access to these is not accorded to visitors. This is not owing to any churlishness, or because there is any secret in the processes; but because a concourse of visitors would covered by the lines. A sheet of paper is laid on the drawing, and the impression is given by passing the stone under a heavy roller. This alternate wetting, inking, and rolling is repeated for every sheet. Lithography is now rarely used in books, except for producing pictures in several colors. Each color requires a separate stone and a separate printing. The whole process is slow, and therefore costly. In copper-plate engraving the lines and dots which make up the picture are cut into the surface of a piece of copper. To print from this, the whole plate is inked over. The ink is then carefully wiped off from the surface of the plate, leaving only that in the lines or dots. The sheet is then laid upon the plate, which is passed under a roller having a heavy pressure, thus forcing the paper down 66 into the lines, and taking up the ink from them. The process is slow; and, moreover, the rubbing involved in wiping the plate rapidly wears it out, so that only a comparatively few impressions can be taken. Engraving upon steel differs from engraving upon copper only in the material used. The engraving is made upon a plate of softened steel, which is then hardened. A steel plate will give many more impressions than one of copper. ror. type-high;" that is, the thickness be just the length of a type. If it is the least higher, the back must be planed down. If it is a trifle lower, the defect is remedied by pasting one or more thicknesses of paper upon the back. In fact, a woodengraving is really a large type, and is printed from, stereotyped from, or electrotyped from in precisely the same manner. Very frequently, as in this sheet, wood-cuts and type form parts of the same page, and are printed at the same impression. Boxwood is the only kind of wood which has sufficient closeness and toughness of grain to be used for fine engravings. The illustrations in Harper's Maga Wood-engraving is the precise opposite of copperplate engraving. Upon a block of wood cut endwise, or across the grain, the draughtsman or artist makes a drawing as he would upon paper, except that everything is reversed, as if reflected in a mir-zine, Weekly, and Bazar are principally wood-cuts, The engraver cuts away the surface of the wood, except the portions covered by the lines of the drawing, leaving them standing in relief, like the face of a type. In order to appreciate the relative difficulties of the two modes of engraving, let any one take a black pencil, and upon a piece of white paper endeavor to make an exact copy, line for line and stroke for stroke, of one of the pictures in this sheet. If he succeeds, he will have done what the copper-plate engraver would do. Then, with a black slate and a finely pointed white pencil, let him try to make another exact copy of the same picture, making that white which is white in the picture, and leaving that black which is black in the picture. If he succeeds in making a perfect fac-simile, he will have done just what the woodengraver has done. The block of wood should be but a few are executed by the photographic relief process, which is suited only to certain kinds of drawings. Wood-cuts are now used almost exclusively in books and periodicals; since, owing to the cost of printing the plates, a work containing many copper-plate or lithographic illustrations must be sold at a very high price; whereas, apart from the very considerable original expense of the engravings themselves, it costs very little more to produce a work with wood-cuts than without them. If the number of copies sold is very large, this considerable aggregate cost, when distributed among the whole, becomes very small for each copy; while, on the other hand, the printing of each separate copper-plate impression is a separate item of cost, being the same for each individual copy, no matter how numerous they may be. COMPLETE LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. * SCHOOL AND COLLEGE TEXT-BOOKS are indicated in this Trade-List by an asterisk (*), and are subject to a special discount to the Trade. ** HARPER & BROTHERS will send their publications by mail, postage prepaid [excepting mounted charts whose size excludes them from the mail], on receipt of the price. Works thus excluded from the mail are indicated by a dagger (†), and will be sent by express, freight at the expense of the purchaser, on receipt of the price. HARPER & BROTHERS will supply their "Library of Select Novels" and "Library of American Fiction," in half binding [leather backs and pasteboard sides], suitable for Public and Circulating Libraries, at 25 cents, net, per volume in addition to the price advertised of the respective works in paper. "Harper's Half-Hour Series" will be supplied in cloth covers for fifteen cents per volume in addition to the price in paper covers. In remitting by mail, a POST-OFFICE ORDER OF DRAFT payable to the order of HARPER & BROTHERS is preferable to Bank Notes, since, should the Order or Draft be lost or stolen, it can be renewed without loss to the sender. The Post-Office Department recommends that, when neither of these can be procured, the money be sent in a REGISTERED LETTER. The reg istration-fee has been reduced to ten cents. All Postmasters are obliged to register letters when requested. Harper's Young People. An Illustrated Weekly-sixteen pages-issued Tuesdays. The publishers of this journal propose to furnish the boys and girls of America with a firstclass illustrated weekly, full of amusement and instruction, at a price which will place its advantages within the reach of every family in the country. It will contain attractive serial stories, beautiful illustrations, short tales, poems, anecdotes, sketches of foreign countries, narratives of daring and adventure, suggestions for games and athletic exercises, wit and humor, Editor's Post-office Box, etc.—in short, everything that can stimulate and satisfy the intelligent curiosity of boys and girls. Every effort will be made to furnish variety, and to make each successive Number more attractive than its predecessor. "Harper's Young People has been adopted as a School Reader." A handsome sixteen-page weekly, well filled and well printed, and admirably adapted to interest and instruct the young. It has a distinct purpose to which it steadily adheres-that, namely, of supplanting the vicious papers for the young with a paper more attractive, as well as more wholesome. It was doubled in size within a few weeks after its establishment; a circumstance which indicates both that it has found its field and that it intends to occupy it.-Boston Journal. The friends of healthy moral training for the young will everywhere rejoice in the prosperity of Harper's Young People.-N. Y. Graphic. Its choice of pure and interesting reading matter continues to be excellent.-Sunday- School Times, Philadelphia. We hasten to commend this new pictorial weekly for young folks. It contains a great deal of excellent reading at a low figure, and will be worth thousands of dollars to every community where the boys and girls are induced to read it, and its kind, in preference to the silly, corrupting stuff now so popular.Sunday-School Journal, N. Y., edited by the Rev. Dr. VINCENT. Harper's Young People has won its way already to the hearts of its patrons. *** It affords healthful reading for the young folk, and deserves hearty support.-Utica Herald. The stories are bright, entertaining, and instructive. They avoid prosiness, and there is not a boy nor girl in the country who will not read them with interest. The illustrations are capital, and the cheap price of the paper will put it within the reach of all.-New York Express. The Young People has been from the first successful beyoud anticipation.-N. Y. Evening Post. Attractive, well filled, wholesome, and finely illustrated.-Zion's Herald, Boston. The articles and stories have a high tone, and are within the comprehension of the young; the illustrations have an educational point instead of a demoralizing attraction, and altogether we may regard the publication as one of the best-if not the very bestof those which appeal directly to the tastes of the young people.-N. Y. Star. Will find favor, we are sure, with a great number of young people. A feature of its pages is its illustrations, which are in keeping with the handsome text and the very neat print and make-up. * * * A weekly paper for children which parents need not fear to let their children read at the family fireside.-Hartford Daily Times. If any of the young people for whom the pages are made do not like the reading provided for them, they must be altogether different from all the young people we have ever known. *** With entertaining matter, vivaciously and pleasantly written, it will make friends of all its young readers at once, and create a desire for further acquaintance.-N. Y. Evening Mail. Young People is just as artfully suited to the tastes of boys and girls as Harper's other famous periodicals to the likings of adults.*** The new paper promises to be a model of its kind. It is full of innocent fun and useful knowledge, made really entertaining. The pictures are many and good.-N. Y. Journal of Commerce. For neatness, elegance of engraving, and contents generally, it is unsurpassed by any publication of the kind yet brought to our notice.-Pittsburgh Gazette. A very bright paper, *** just the paper to take the eye and secure the attention of the boys and girls.Springfield Daily Union. A weekly paper, such as our bright boys and girls will fancy, and ought to have. *** An assurance that everything which enterprise, taste, talent, and worth can command will be employed for the entertainment, instruction, and welfare of the youth. With clean white paper, unsullied by unclean thought or suggestion, with artistic illustrations instead of coarse brickbat" engravings, with bright, pleasing, truthful, elevating articles instead of high-wrought "bloodand-thunder" sensation, there will be no excuse for parents and guardians allowing their children to indulge in a weekly diet of carrion or poison.-Illus-sition.-Canada Presbyterian. trated Christian Weekly, New York. The reading matter is good, nothing above the ordinary comprehension of children, and the engravings are many and pleasing.-Philadelphia Press. If the young people of the present day are not supplied with entertaining literature of a wholesome kind, they will probably supply themselves with that which tends to moral ruin. It is among the most favorable signs of the times that publications attractive to the young, and at least harmless to morals, are on the increase; and among these Harper's Young People, from its elevated literary tone, and from the artistic excellence of its illustrations, will take a high po The little folks ought to hold a mass-meeting and adopt resolutions of thanks. Hereafter youth will be more delightful than ever, and the sighs of the graybeards longer and deeper.-Portland Press. TERMS FOR HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE. Harper's Young People, one year..... 50. Single Number, Four Cents. Five Subscriptions, one year, $7 00-payable in advance; postage free. Specimen Copies sent, postage prepaid, on receipt of three cents. Subscriptions may begin with any Number. When no time is specified, it will be understood that the subscriber desires to commence with the Number current at the time of the receipt of order. The Volumes of the Young People commence with the first Number for November in each year. Back Numbers sent by mail, postage prepaid, on receipt of the price. Harper's New Monthly Magazine. Each number contains serial and short stories from the best writers in Europe and America, contributed expressly for Harper's Magazine; richly illustrated articles of travel; carefully prepared papers of a historical and scientific character, a large number of which are profusely illustrated; timely articles upon important current topics; lighter papers upon an infinite variety of subjects; poems from our most brilliant and popular writers; and five editorial departments, covering every matter of current interest in art, society, history, science, literature, and anecdote. No other monthly in the world can show so brilliant a list of contributors, nor does any furnish its readers with so great a variety and so superior a quality of literature.-Watchman, Boston. Harper's Magazine is confessedly one of the ablest that have blessed civilization with their innumerable benefits. It is an excellent companion for the young, a delight to the mature, a solace for declining age. It is alike fitted for the boudoir, the sitting-room, or the library. Science, literature, travels, history, humor, and wit decorate its pages with their gems. We may do without breakfast, or dinner, or tea; but we cannot conceive the amount of loss Harper's Magazine would be it would be such an overwhelming deprivation. The illustrations are very abundant and well executed.-Louisville Courier-Journal. Harper's Magazine is full of rich articles. The sketches of travel are almost always superior; the stories, poems, and articles on general subjects are of a very high order; while the illustrations leave nothing to be desired.*** We know of no magazine which equals Harper's. Northern Christian Advocate, Syracuse, N. Y. The character which this Magazine possesses for variety, enterprise, artistic wealth, and literary culture, that has kept pace with, if it has not led, the times, should cause its conductors to regard it with justifiable complacency. It also entitles them to a great claim upon the public gratitude. The Magazine has done good, and not evil, all the days of its life. *** Its honors are thickly entwined with its years. Its future can but be as bright as its past has been, and that it will retain its position cannot be questioned. Its resources are most ample, and its influence in the land is constantly increasing.-Brooklyn Eagle. Conducted with a combination of editorial tact and energy and rare business resources which serves to explain the success already won, and to guarantee the accomplishment of results even more substantial and brilliant. *** The Magazine retains the title first chosen, the New Monthly Magazine, and although it is now quite a veteran among American periodicals, the title finds its warrant in the fact that the Magazine is continually opening up new fields and making fresh advances. *** May be said to cover all departments of literature, and to contain something to satisfy every taste.-Boston Journal. It meets precisely the popular taste, furnishing a pleasing and instructive variety of reading for all.Zion's Herald, Boston. The most popular and oldest of our magazines.N. Y. Times. Publishers and editors both appear to understand the needs of the popular mind, even those needs of which many people are unconscious themselves. They aim to awaken a taste for knowledge as well as to gratify it, and their system in doing this is to make knowledge entertaining. The Magazine penetrates into the log-houses of Western farmers as well as into city drawing-rooms. Its comprehensiveness makes it acceptable to everybody who is pleased by picture and who has any love of reading. The serial novels by eminent English and American novelists; the short, bright, and telling stories of American domestic life; the profusely illustrated articles of travel and adventure; the carefully prepared essays on political, historical, and scientific subjects; the wealth of rich and racy reflection in the "Editor's Easy Chair," and of anecdote in the "Editor's Drawer," are among its constant attractions to the general reader.-Boston Globe. Harper's Magazine is properly called the king of It is one of the wonders of journalism-the editorial management of Harper's.-Nation, N. Y. We never turn the leaves of a bound volume of the Magazine without a feeling of surprise at the wealth of entertainment in poems, stories, sketches, solid treatises upon serious subjects, and pictures of every conceivable variety which it contains.-N. Y. Evening Post. *** Unlike most of the magazines, it is a news publication as well as a literary journal. The subscriber to Harper's Monthly who should be without all other current publications would still be kept informed of the literary, scientific, and general events of the day; of the results of recent voyages of discov ery; of the course of legislation in Congress and the State Legislatures, and of the general features of Enropean politics of the day. And, in addition to all this, he would have copies of some of the best works of contemporary art, and entertaining stories and sketches by the best of American and English writers of fiction. Philadelphia Ledger. Harper's Monthly is one of the indispensables. It keeps an even attractiveness and interest, judiciously calculated for the entertainment and teaching of the average magazine public.-Springfield Republican. TERMS FOR HARPER'S MAGAZINE: Harper's Magazine, one year.... ........ $4.00. Harper's Magazine, Weekly, and Bazar, to one address, for one year, $10 00; or, two of these Periodicals, to one address, for one year, $7 00. An Extra Copy of either the Magazine, Weekly, or Bazar will be supplied gratis for every Club of Five Subscribers at $4 00 each, paid for by one remittance; or, Six Copies one year for $20 00. Back Numbers sent by mail, postage prepaid, on receipt of 35 cents. The Volumes of the Magazine commence with the Numbers for June and December of each year. When no time is specified, it will be understood that the subscriber wishes to begin with the current Number. Single Volumes of Harper's Magazine, in cloth binding, will be sent by mail, postage prepaid, on receipt of $3 00; or, in half-calf binding, on receipt of $5 25. Complete Sets of Harper's Magazine [now 60 Volumes] will be furnished at a liberal discount, which will be made known upon application to the publishers. Cloth Cases for each volume, suitable for binding, will be sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt of 50 cents each. |