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Records from western Australia (Taylor and Murray 1946). Present on marine birds, Guam (Kohls 1953). Specimen from leg of soldier on island in Lake Nyasa (Hoogstraal 1954C).

O. coniceps (Canestrini, 1890); described from Venice, Italy. Specimens, from near Aral Sea, in St. Petersburg Museum (Birula 1895); these quoted by Yakimov and Kohl Yakimov (1911) and Yakimov (1917,1922). Present in France (Guitel 1918, Theodor 1932, Roman and Nalin 1948). As 0. talaje from Fezzan, Morocco; introduced with pigeons; severe se quelae in human victims (Martial and Senevet 1921). From bats and pigeons, life cycle, Tunis (Colas Belcour 1929D). Description of all stages, Palestine (Theodor 1932). Biology, Palestine (Bodenheimer 1934). Present in Spain (Gil Collado 1947,1948A,B). Present in Morocco (Blanc and Maurice 1950). Present in Nablus area of Jordan; parasite of chickens and persons; infected with spirochetes (Badu dieri 1954,1955). Transmits fowl spirochetes ("Brumpt's Precis). Life cycle (Davis and Mavros 1956C).

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0. delanoei delanoei Roubaud and Colas-Belcour, 1931; described from porcupine burrow, Morocco. Biology (Roubaud and ColasBelcour 1936). Life cycle and larval feeding (Colas Belcour 1941). Non-transmission of spirochetes (Colas Belcour and Vervent 1949). Present in Egypt (Hoogstraal 1953C). Ab sence of spirochetes (Davis and Hoogstraal 1954). Life cycle (Davis and Mavros 1956A). Biological observations and dis tribution in Egypt; descriptions of immature stages (Hoogstraal 1955E).

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0. delanoei acinus Whittick, 1938; described from cave in British Somaliland. Haemoglobin (Wigglesworth 1943). Biology (Robinson 1946). Coxal organs ("glands"") (Lees 1946B). Trans piration from cuticle (Lees 1948). Egg waxing organ (Lees and Beament 1948). Weight of tick and of its cuticle, fed and unfed (Lees 1952). Larval and nymphal measurements, and the increase in size following each molt and male measurements have been noted by Campana Rouget (1954).

0. erraticus Lucas, 1849; described from Algeria and now known in Iran, Turkey, and throughout much of the European and African Mediterranean area as well as in French West Africa, Kenya, and Uganda. This tick chiefly inhabits rodent burrows, some times lairs and dens of other animals, and pigsties. It also may parasitize man, reptiles, toads, and birds. The very extensive literature on 0. erraticus will be reviewed in Volume II of this work.

0. foleyi Parrot, 1928; single female described from the Algerian Sahara. Description repeated by Foley (1929). A synonym of 0. foleyi is 0. franchinii Tonelli Rondelli, 1930(B) from Libya; cf. Roubaud and Colas-Belcour (1931). As 0. lahorensis, 0. lahorensis group, or 0. franchinii from Libya by Franchini 71927,19288,1932A,B,1933A,D,1934A,1935A,1937) and Franchini and Taddia (1930); in these reports, the general remarks and those concerning fever in man as a result of bites do not ap pear to be based on sound evidence; the "biological differences" (1934A) are pointless. Morphology and generic dis cussion (Warburton 1933); cf. remarks herein under Argas brumpti (page 88). Presence in Southeastern Egypt (Hoogstraal and Kaiser 1956). Life cycle (Davis and Mavros 1956D).

0. graingeri Heisch and Guggisberg, 1953 (A); all stages described from coral cave near sea, Mombasa. Life history (Heisch and Harvey 1953). Infected with spirochetes (Heisch 1953). Parasitizing bats (Garnham and Heisch 1953). Parasitizing porcupines and man (Heisch 1954A). Note: The actual date of publication of this species is 8 January 1953 although the volume number is that, of 1952.

0. normandi Larrousse, 1923; all stages described, life cycle, from rodent burrows in Tunisia. Morphologic characters and biology (Colas-Belcour 1928). Egg laying and hatching (Colas-Belcour 1929A). Spirochete studies by Nicolle, Anderson, and ColasBelcour (1927A,B,1928A,B,C,D,1930).

[0. pavimentosus Neumann, 1901; reported from Southwest Africa.
Synonymized under 0. savignyi by Theiler and Hoogstraal
(1955). 7

0. peringueyi Bedford and Hewitt, 1925; scanty descriptions and illustrations of male, female, and nymph from South Africa. Cliff swallow as host (Bedford 1929A, 1932A). Failure to transmit Aegyptianella pullorum (Bedford and Coles 1933). All stages redescribed and reillustrated (Bedford 1934).

0. salahi Hoogstraal, 1953 (B); a parasite of fruit bats in the Nile Valley and Wadi Natroun (Western Desert) of Egypt; also known from Palestine; all stages described; life history. Absence of spirochetes (Davis and Hoogstraal 1954). 0. tholozani tholozani Laboulbene and Megnin, 1882 (A); first described from Iran. An important Asiatic vector of spirochetes of relapsing fever; the tholozani group consists of several subspecies and related species; reviewed by Desportes and Campana (1946). Rare in western Egypt and eastern Libya (Coghill, Lawrence, and Ballentine 1947; Hoogstraal 1953C) but accused of transmitting spirochetes causing disease in troops. Now known from several restricted, but large, spirochete-infected populations in Egypt (Davis and Hoogstraal 1956) and from Jordan (Babudieri 1954,1955).

0. zumpti Heisch and Guggisberg, 1953 (B); female and nymph des cribed from burrow of rodent (Rhabdomys pumilio) in Cape Province, South Africa. Onderstepoort collection material recently sent by Dr. Theiler for identification includes males, females, and nymphs from the nests of Aethomys and ?Tatera in Cape Province.

0. lahorensis Neumann, 1908, an Asiatic Near Eastern species, said by Franchini (1929B,1932B, 1935) and Garibaldi (1935) to occur in Libya; most probably does not extend its range into North Africa. 7

0. sp. nov.; an undescribed species closely related to 0. foleyi has recently been found in porcupine burrows near Pretoria in the Union of South Africa (Theiler, corres pondence).

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Figures 39 and 40, o, dorsal and ventral views

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