Figures 178 and 179, d, dorsal and ventral views A, Q genital area. B to D, o genital area outline and profile. B, unengorged. C, partly engorged. D, fully engorged. HYALOMMA MARGINATUM Koch, 1844. (Figures 178 to 181) THE MEDITERRANEAN HYALOMMA NOTE: H. marginatum appears in European literature chiefly as either H. marginatum or as H. savignyi and in recent Soviet literature as H. plumbeum plumbeum. The Adler_Feldman Muhs am (1948) school employed the name H. marginatum, the Delpy (1949) school H. savignyi (Gervais, 1847) following the lead of Schulze. The "H. savignyi of Adler and Feldman Muhsam (1948) and of some of their followers is H. excavatum. Recently Feldman Muhs am (1954) concluded, from study of the Koch (1844) type material, that H. marginatum is the correct name for this species although reasons for so doing are somewhat obscure. Pomerantzev (1950) states that the name H. plumbeum plumbeum (Panzer, 1795) refers to the present species. This point merits further investigation. Feldman Muhsam apparently has not con sidered the possibility of this synonymy. DISTRIBUTION IN THE SUDAN H. marginatum thus far is known from only two localities in central Sudan, one in the west and one in the east. Further search will probably reveal additional populations between these two places. Kordofan: Umm Inderaba (cattle; SVS). Kassala: Kassala (camels; SVs). DISTRIBUTION H. marginatum appears to be most common in southeastern Europe and southern Russia from where it extends eastward into India and Indochina and westward throughout southern Europe, and into the Near East including Arabia, and North Africa. Elsewhere in Africa, small populations are scattered through the drier transitional areas just south of the northern deserts from the Red Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. Soviet workers in Transcaucasia consider this to be a "Mediterranean species" in contrast to the other hyalommas of their territory, which they classify as either "widely spread in the southern part of the Palearctic Region" or "peculiar to the zone of western deserts" (Pomerantzev, Matikashvily, and Lototsky 1940). The mapped distribution of H. marginatum (= H. savignyi) as presented by the American Geographical Society (1954) does not correspond to the range of any recognized species in this genus. NORTH AFRICA: "NORTH AFRICA" (As H. marginatum balcanicum: Schulze and Schlottke 1930). EGYPT (As Cynorhaestes aegyptius: Virey 1822. As H. savignyi: Hoogstraal 1954A. Small populations exist on the Mediterranean littoral and in desert edge situations of Nile Valley and Delta; somewhat more common in Sinai: Hoogstraal, ms.). LIBYA (Specimens from several localities in HH collection. As H. marginatum balcanicum: Stella 1938C). TUNISIA (As H. tunesiacum: Schulze and Schlottke 1930. As H. savignyi: Colas Belcour and Rageau 1951). MOROCCO (As H. savignyi: Blanc, Martin, and Maurice 1946, 1947A,B. Blanc, Bruneau, Martin, and Maurice 1948. Blanc and Bruneau 1949. Blanc, Martin, and Bruneau 1949. Blanc 1951). ALGERIA According to Delpy (correspondence), the H. aegyptium of Senevet and subsequent French workers in Algeria, Is H. marginatum (= Delpy's H. savignyi). The "H. aegyptium life cycle studies reported by Nuttall (1913) on material from Algeria refer to H. marginatum (HH determination of Nuttall lot 1305 in British Museum Natural History). Most of the references listed for Algeria on page 405 also contain notes on H. marginatum (as H. aegyptium); this species is apparently less common there than H. detritum.7 WEST AFRICA: NIGERIA (As H. marginatum annulipes: Schulze and Schlottke 1930). Delpy (1949B) synonymized H. impressum brunneiparmatum Schulze and Schlottke, 1930 (from Togo) under H. marginatum (H. savignyi), but this is actually a synonym of H. albi parmatum (see page ). The "H. savignyi" of Tendeiro (1948, 1949A,1951F,1952A,C,D) from Portugese Guinea is shown by the same author's discussion (1949A) to be H. truncatum.7 EAST AFRICA: SUDAN (As H. savignyi: Hoogstraal 1954B). H. marginatum balcanicum, a synonym of H. marginatum, has been reported from Ethiopia and Somalia by Italian workers; these records may be correct but it is more likely that they refer to H. impeltatum.7 KENYA (A single o in BMNH from a cow, Kisima, Nanyuki, May, 1932, collected after dipping by E. A. Lewis. This specimen is entirely typical of H. marginatum; H.H. det.). SOUTHERN AFRICA: Santos Dias (1950) noted that "H. savignyi had been reported from Angola by A. Morais in 1909, and that this probably refers to H. truncatum (= H. impressum transiens).7 NEAR EAST: PALESTINE (As H. marginatum: Bodenheimer 1937. Adler and Feldman Muhsam 1946,1948). SYRIA and LEBANON (As H. savignyi: Pigoury 1937). TRANSJORDAN (Hoogstraal, ms.). TURKEY (AS H. marginatum balcanicum: Schulze and Schlottke 1930. As H. anatolicum: Galuzo 1944. Galuzo 1944. As H. savignyi: Kurtpinar 1954 and Mimioglu 1954. As H. marginatum: Hoogstraal, ms.). CYPRUSAS H. cypriacum: Schulze and Schlottke 1930. Kratz 1940. The "H. savignyi exsul" of Schulze and Schlottke, 1930, attributed by Delpy (19498) to H. savignyi marginatum H. savignyi of Delpy) appears rather to be H. excavatum; cf. Kratz (1940, pp. 534-535) 7. IRAN (As H. savignyi: Delpy 1946B, 1949C). IRAQ (As H. marginatum: Hoogstraal, ms. Hubbard 1955). ARABIA: YEMEN (As H. marginatum: Hoogstraal, ms.). Koch 1844. As H. savignyi As H. iberum: Kratz 1940. Kratz 1940. EUROPE: SPAIN (As H. hispanum: De PORTUGAL: It appears likely that the "H. rufipes glabrata" of Fonesca, Pinto, Colaco, Oliveira, Branco, da Gama, Soares Franco, and Lacerda (1951) may refer to H. marginatum; cf. page FRANCE (As H. marginatum: Enigk 1947. As H. savignyi: Lamontellerie 1954. Specimens from Estrel Mts. In BMNH collection; H.H. det.). ITALY (As H. marginatum: Koch 1844. Tonelli_Rondelli 1938. Enigk 1947. Cavaceppi 1950. As H. marginatum marginatum: and Schlottke 1930). ALBANIA (As H. marginatum: Enigk 1947). Schulze YUGOSLAVIA (As H. marginatum: Enigk 1947. As H. savignyi: Angelovsky 1954. Petrovitch 1955). ROMANIA (As H. savignyi: Metianu 1951). GREECE (As H. aegyptium f. brunnipes: Schulze 1919. Kratz As H. marginatum balcanicum: Schulze and Schlottke 1930. As H. marginatum: Enigk 1947. Pandazis 1947). 1940. BULGARIA (It is possible that the "H. aegyptium" of Pavlov 1940,1942, etc., refers to H. marginatum. As H. marginatum: Enigk 1947. Pavlov and Georgiev 1950). GERMANY (As H. marginatum marginatum: Arrives as nymphs on migrating birds according to Kratz 1940). |